Definition and Examples of Zimbabwean English

Definition and Examples of Zimbabwean English Zimbabwean English is the variety of the English language spoken in the Republic of Zimbabwe, located in southern Africa. English is the primary language used in schools in Zimbabwe, but it is one of the 16 official languages in the country.   Examples and Observations: From Rhodesia to ZimbabweZimbabwe, earlier Southern Rhodesia, became a British colony in 1898. By 1923 it gained a measure of self-government and was part of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland from 1953 to 1963. Like South Africa, Southern Rhodesia had a settled white population, the leaders of whom opposed the notion of one man, one vote. In 1965, the white minority broke away from Britain but its Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) was declared illegal. In 1980, general elections were held and Zimbabwe came into existence.(Loreto Todd and Ian F. Hancock, International English Usage. Routledge, 1986)Influences on  Zimbabwean EnglishRhodesian English is regarded as a fossil, non-productive dialect. Independence as a democratic republic under black majority rule in 1980 changed the social, economic and political conditions in which blacks and whites interacted in Zimbabwe; in this environment, it is appropriate to refer to the prevailing English dialect in the country as Zimbabwean English (ZimE) as it is a productive and changing variety. . . .The principal influences on Rhodesian English lexis are Afrikaans and Bantu (mainly chiShona and isiNdebele). The more informal the situation, the more likely it is is to encounter local expressions.(Susan Fitzmaurice, L1 Rhodesian English. The Lesser-Known Varieties of English, ed. by D. Schreier et al. Cambridge University Press, 2010) Characteristics of  Zimbabwean English[W]hite Zimbabweans perceive that their dialect of English is distinct from other southern African accents. They . . . refer to details of pronunciation and lexis in order to illustrate how their speech differs from British English on the one hand and South African English on the other. For example, informants will refer to the fact that lakker . . . is a Zimbabwean word. Actually, it is a loanword from Afrikaans lekker, nice, but it is pronounced in a specifically Zimbabwean way, namely with a more open front vowel: lakker  [là ¦kÉ™]  and without a final flapped [r]. Additionally, Zimbabwean English has unique lexical expressions, many of them dating from early colonial days, some adaptations or innovations, some loan translations. For example, the (now quite old-fashioned) approbatory adjective mush or mushy . . . nice may well have arisen out of the persistent misunderstanding of the Shona word musha  home, while shupa (v. and n.) worry, bother, hassle, is a borrowing from Fanagalo, the colonial pidgin used by whites. The verb chaya strike ( Shona tshaya) also occurs in Fanagalo. Thus white Zimbabweans . . . link their dialect to the matter of the identification with place and differentiate themselves from those from neighboring South Africa for instance.(Susan Fitzmaurice, History, Social Meaning, and Identity in the Spoken English of White Zimbabweans.  Developments in English: Expanding Electronic Evidence, ed. by  Irma Taavitsainen  et al. Cambridge University Press, 2015) English in ZimbabweEnglish is the official language of Zimbabwe, and much teaching in schools is also carried out in English, except in the case of the youngest Shomna- and Ndebele-speaking children. . . . The Zimbabwean English of the native anglophone population resembles very closely that of South Africa, but according to Wells (1982) it has never been systematically studied. Native English speakers make up less than 1 per cent of the total population of 11 million.(Peter Trudgill, Lesser-Known Varieties of English. Alternative Histories of English, ed. by R. J. Watts and P. Trudgill. Routledge, 2002) Also Known As: Rhodesian English

Acid Base Science Fair Project Ideas

Acid Base Science Fair Project Ideas Are you looking for a science fair idea involving acids, bases, or pH? Here are some ideas to get you started: Measure the amount of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in orange juice (or another juice). Test to see how the amount of vitamin C changes after the juice is exposed to air (or light or heat).Simulate acid rain by adding an acid to water. You can use pH paper to test whether the acidity is changed after water runs through different types of soil or through plant root systems.Is the acidity of apples (malic acid) affected by their ripeness?See if you can make your own pH indicator from common plants or chemicals.Measure the pH of common acidic beverages (soft drinks, lemonade, orange juice, tomato juice, milk, etc.) and examine how easily they corrode metal (such as iron). Another idea: which is more corrosive? A salt solution or an acidic liquid?Do all brands of orange juice contain the same amount of ascorbic acid?Compare the effects of different acidic fruit juices and liquids (e.g., vinegar) at preventing apple browning.Which animals saliva has the lowest pH? You could test humans, dogs, cats, possibly other species. What is the effect of pH on growth or survivability of daphnia (an aquatic crustacean)? You could test other factors too, such as salinity or the presence of detergent in the water.How does the pH of the water affect tadpole development?Does acid rain (real or simulated) affect the number and type of organelles seen in algae under the microscope?Which is a better conductor of electricity, an acid or a base?Does the pH of water affect the growth or survivability of mosquito larvae?

Human trafficing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human trafficing - Essay Example This is similar to slavery. Traffickers tend to exploit such persons and limit their freedom and movement. They sell them in the traffic market so as to make a kill out of it (Thomas 2). The complex nature of human trafficking needs an advanced approach and cooperation by different people involved in this vice. Stakeholders involved include law enforcement agencies, agencies working with the government, religious and non-profit making organizations. This approach combats human trafficking of women in particular by preventing, prosecuting, and even providing direct assistance to the victims in question, not forgetting interventionary approaches (Thomas 6). Moreover, there is also the crucial issue of trafficking women for the purpose of sexual exploitation. This continues to be an old trade in the world. It can be estimated that a large portion of women get trafficked internationally across borders of different countries in the world. These figures can be obtained from the recent study of sex slavery in the world. Nevertheless, global initiatives are now in control to help curb such vices from destroying a country’s fabric of integrity. They help in preventing, punishing and suppressing human trafficking. Certain stringent policies are now in effect to help suppress this vice. Persons caught trafficking and smuggling human kind can be observed as having committed two offences. Hence, smuggling is the delivering persons into a country they are not legal citizens and leaving them to fend for themselves illegally without legal documents of operation in that country. It involves paying a bribe to provide entry into that country. Sm uggling and trafficking of human kind is a vice involving the use of force that can be considered to be illegal and involuntary to the will of such persons (Thomas 13). The law plays a crucial part in defining them. It explores the method in which women who can be trafficked, can be viewed by law. For instance, having a view at the

Discussion board seven Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion board seven - Coursework Example ng provides several opportunities for career advancement; these include advancement into management positions, regional health officers, and heads of sections. There are several career opportunities with advanced nursing degrees; these are Clinical Nurse Specialists, Legal Nurse Consultants, Certified Nurse Midwife, Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist, and Nurse Attorney. Advancement in the nursing career comes with several benefits for nurses. First, advancement in the nursing career brings a great deal of self-fulfillment to a person (OLynn, 2013). The nurses can choose their own path in the career ladder. Buchan and Black (2011) argue that making a difference in the lives of people they care for daily guarantees personal fulfillment. Second, advanced nurses have a wide range of knowledge to provide for the needs of diverse patients (Yoder-Wise, 2011). As they advance, nurses are exposed to both theoretical and practical knowledge pertinent in the field of nursing. Third, advanced nurses have wide range of specializations to choose from; they can either work in offices, at the bedsides, or even outside the hospital. Fourth, advanced nurses are guaranteed of job security because hospitals cannot work without them. I think all nurses should have advanced degrees in nursing. Advanced degree in nursing will enable nurses to enjoy several benefits associated with advanced careers in the field. These include personal fulfillment, increased knowledge for healthcare provision, access to several specializations for choosing, and job

Medieval Europe - Papal Reformation Essay Example for Free

Medieval Europe Papal Reformation Essay Since the Council of Nicaea called in the fourth century by Constantine to the early eleventh century, the Church was never established as a free standing institution. For over eight hundred years the Church had been under the authority of secular powers. Charlemagne and the Carolingians emperors saw themselves as the ones to maintain the Church materially, organizationally, and spiritually, while the pope was only an example of ideal Christian living. Social deterioration led to the corruption of the Church and its offices; simony being the biggest problem. The papacy itself was corrupted by simony and Roman politics. While reform had been taking place in the local levels for some time, the papacy was the last part of the Church to be reformed. The papacy reformation came about through three major popes: Leo IX (1049-1054), Nicholas II (1059-1061), and Gregory VII (1073-1085). The actions by these popes in the eleventh century would root out the corruption within the church and cause conflict between the secular authorities and the papacy resulting in the separation and establishing of the Church as a power on its own. After numerous corrupt popes, Leo IX is considered to be the pope that started the papacy reformation. Ironically, he was appointed pope by his cousin Emperor Henry III. After being coroneted, Leo spent less than six months in Rome traveling through Italy, Germany, France, and as far as Hungary ( Blum, 485). According to Backman, â€Å"Leo recognized two things from the very start: first, the papacy could not be properly reformed so long as it remained mired in Roman factional politics; and second, the papacy needed to be seen by the faithful in order to secure the gains of the reform† (Backman, 268). Leo was literally the first pope to be seen by most Christians (Backman, 268), and he wanted to â€Å"project an image of the papacy in action† (Blum, 485). For a long time the title of pope was just a name without any meaning or power; however, Leo would change that with his travels. Leo’s great accomplishments were abolishing simony, help ending the practice of cl erical marriage, and improving the clergies training and education. Pope Leo IX, through his travels had plans of establishing his authority while also rooting out corruption still in local churches. â€Å"Leo staged large-scale Masses, pronounced Peace and Truce decrees, and offered all the faithful the opportunity to air grievances about their local church and ecclesiastical leaders† (Backman, 269). Clergy that had obtained their position by way of simony were given the chance to retain their office only if the confessed their faults and swore publicly to dedicate themselves to the reformed Church. According to Backman these acts were performed in public for two reasons: First, the people themselves got to hear the confession of their clergy, and second, the pope got the pleasure of having the faithful see the priest, bishops, and archbishops kneeling before Leo, in other words, used the reform-celebration itself as a means for establishing papal authority over the episcopacy. Henceforth, everyone understood that the bishops served as the legitimate leaders of the Church because the Holy Father himself had publically bestowed their office upon them. The papacy now stood at the head of a new hierarchy and determined its legitimacy. 269 The last major contributing act Leo had towards the reformation was the creation of the College of Cardinals. Leo saw that the Church was not intellectually able to deal with issue it was faced with. He created a body of advisors for the papacy that included theologians, lawyers, philosophers, historians, scientists, and diplomats. These handpicked advisors would lend expert council to the pope on settling and resolving doctrinal issues never really solved by the Church. One of the issues they dealt with was celibacy for the clergy; this would not be settled until Pope Nicholas II. The papacy was now the decision making center on doctrinal issues for the Church. Leo IX was a major turning point for the Church, but unfortunately he would not finish what he started. The next pope to further the papal reformation was Nicholas II. Pope Nicholas II built upon what Leo IX had already done. Nicholas and a council produced the Lateran synod of April 1059. The synod ended clerical marriage and established clergy celibacy. It also added to the strict prevention of simony. Also with the synod, Nicholas and the council made two major decisions that would shape the papacy up until today. The first of these decisions was to condemn the practice of lay investiture. â€Å"The ritual by which a lay prince â€Å"invested† a priest or bishop with the insignia of his office suggested that the ecclesiastical authority was subordinate to the secular† (Backman, 270). The papacy now condemned this seeing as the reforming popes were trying to establish the Church as an entity on its own. The Church wanted to control everything about itself and completely cut off any secular ties trying to control it. The second major decision Nicholas and the council made was mad in the Papal Election Decree of 1059. This was to ensure no pope could ever be placed in power by a secular ruler but only elected by the College of Cardinals. Backman describes it as this: †¦for all eternity the only way for any individual to become the legitimate pontiff of the Holy Catholic Church was to be freely elected to the position by the College of Cardinals. This decree removed the Holy See from the clutched of the Roman magnates, but it also declared the papacy’s independence from the imperial power. 270 These actions changed the state’s authority over the church that had been present since Constantine. When Henry IV came to power in 1056, he did not like the actions taken by the Church and trying to separate from his authority. The tension between the papacy and secular powers came to a high during the pontificate of Pope Gregory VII. Now Gregory VII had begun his career in Rome during the pontificate of Leo IX as Leo’s â€Å"‘secretary of state’ and author of his important papers† (Blum, 485). So Gregory had been around since the beginning of the papal reformation. His actions and policies would lead to the biggest conflict between the Church and State during this reformation. After dealing with carious rebellions, Henry IV’s resent meant lead him to prepare to attack Rome and deal with the papacy’s action. Henry wanted to show that he had supremacy and was the ruler of both Church and State. Before Henry could attack, Gregory responded with a declaration called the Dictatus Papae. This was a list of twenty-seven single sentence decrees about papal power. Gaudemet defines them as, â€Å"lapidary and unrestrained terms the universal power of the pope; his authority over bishops, clerics and councils, and his right to depose the emperor, to certify every canonical text, to make law and to deliver judgment from which there is no appeal† (Gaudemet, 470). Gregory was trying to establish that he alone, as the pope, had complete supremacy over both Church and the emperor. Henry took these Dictates as a direct attack on his royal rights and power. This led to both Gregory and Henry writing letters back and forth to each other with increasing t ensions with each letter. These letters led to both of them excommunicating and deposing the other from office at the end of 1076. The excommunicating of each other would lead to a major event in establishing supremacy to the pope. Gregory, being the pope, was still head of the Church, and Henry found himself still excommunicated. Henry and his advisor devised a plan to get him forgiven and restored into the Church. Being the pope meant that Gregory was a priest, and he would have to forgive a penitent sinner. Gregory was caught off guard at his castle in Canossa, Italy by Henry’s arrival and asking of forgiveness. This had made Gregory furious, but he had to forgive him. Gregory used this to his advantage, showing that he had supremacy over the emperor. Gregory made Henry stand outside his window barefoot wearing penitential rags for three days begging for forgiveness and pleading for restoration. While this move by Henry helped him with his enemies and restored him back into the Church, this move also hurt him. This move now shifted the supremacy towards the pope. The emperor was now seen as submissive to the pope and had to do what the pope said. While more conflicts happened between Gregory VII and Henry IV, the investiture struggle would not end with them. It was officially ended in 1122 with Henry IV’s son, Henry the V, and Pope Calixtus II (1119-1124) with the Concordat of Worms. This allowed ecclesiastical appointment to be made by the Church alone but also allowed secular rulers to participate with the lands and appurtenances supplementary to the positions. The issue of papal supremacy over imperial supremacy was circumvented, only to erupt again in centuries later. While Urban II (1088-1099) was able to finalize the reform of the Church during his pontificate, it wasn’t really until the end of the twelfth century that the Church reform came to a conclusion. Gregory VII and the popes following openly proclaimed the Church’s supremacy and sovereignty over the secular world. They had not only made the Church a standing institution on its own, but they had reversed the historical roles of the Church and State. Since the time of Gregory VII, the papacy had become a massive bureaucracy. The Church now had an ostentatious financial machinery, judicial system, bureaucratic structure, police network, and standing army. The Church was now its own free standing institution and would eventually become its own sovereign city-state.

Aspects of Human Gene Therapy :: Science Biology Genetic Essays

Aspects of Human Gene Therapy Introduction The prospect of human gene therapy was first realized in 1971 when the first recombinant DNA experiments were planned. Gene therapy can be simply viewed as inserting bits of foreign DNA into a patient’s tissue in hopes of evoking a biologic response that will effectively eliminate the targeted disease. Major advances in recombinant DNA technology have occurred over the last 20 years so that now gene therapy is becoming a reality. Gene therapeutic techniques have recently been attempted to treat patients with the genetic diseases severe combined immune deficiency (SCID), cystic fibrosis, and Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy (Donegan, 1995). The optimist foresees a time when a patient will simply receive a snippet of DNA and go home cured. There are many ethical and scientific hurdles that must first be crossed for such a dream to become reality. The technology has advanced so rapidly that many ethical questions weren’t originally addressed and accordingly are now bec oming the center of attention regarding human genetic research. Furthermore, scientists must find a way to outwit the body’s immune system which is primed to fight any foreign material such as inserted genes. There are also difficulties in getting the targeted cells to open up their molecular locks to allow the foreign genes inside. Gene therapy, like other medical advances before it, will have numerous failures before reaching its full potential. It will be important for the public, press, and medical industry to be patient in waiting for the dream of gene therapy to become a reality. Technological Aspects of Gene Therapy The underlying principle of gene therapy is the transfer of genetic material to specific cells of a patient in an effort to initiate a biological response to fight or eliminate a disease. There are two possible types of target cells, somatic cells that are non-reproducing, or reproducing germ-line cells. If germ-line cells are permanently altered, all future generations would be effected. Most of the current human genetic research involves somatic cells since the ethical ramifications of germ-line cell modification is still being debated. Some scientists have expressed concerns that even altered somatic cell genes could find their way to reproducing, germ-line cells (Donegan, 1995). Accordingly, regulations are strict in regards to somatic cell gene modification techniques so that this gene migration will not occur. Transfer of genes to target cells is usually accomplished by some sort of vector such as retroviruses, adenoviruses, or liposomes (Mulligan, 1993; Crystal, 1995).

Feelings Of Sadness Essay

This question is about feelings of sadness. Look at the Burial of St John Moore choose one more where there are feelings of sadness. With close reference to the way the poems are written compare and contrast how each speaker conveys his or her feelings of sadness. Show which poem has the more powerful appeal to you emotions. The two poems I am going to use are `The Burial of Sir John Moore` at Corunna by Charles Wolfe and `Remembrance` by Emily Brontà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. The poem, The Burial of Sir John Moore is a soldier’s-eye-view of what initially appears to be the hurried and rather undignified burial at night of Sir John Moore in an unmarked grave and immediately prior to the retreat of his surviving forces by sea. The clear sadness in this poem is of a death, just what Remembrance deals with. Although Brontà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ is writing about a death of a lover her use of first person narration, presents the reader with a very powerful description of the emotions surrounding the loss. In the poem, The Burial of Sir John Moore, the funeral they have for the major still respected even though it’s in silence and nothing of what a man of his standards or any soldier should be having. The funeral differs a lot from what a funeral would be if the body was brought back home properly. â€Å"Not a drum was heard, not a funeral note† If that was back home, there would be the complete opposite from that line, all the soldiers would drum and there would be tunes. â€Å"Not a soldier discharged his farewell shot† But on the battlefield they couldn’t make any noise what so ever, therefore the funeral was done in silence. The whole way through the poem you still see how much respect the soldiers have for Sir John Moore, even after he’s dead. They still look up to him as the hero that he is. In the poem â€Å"The Remembrance†, Bronte is talking about her partner that has passed away. Her use of first person narration presents the reader of very powerful descriptions about her love and emotions. The month of December is a very cold and miserable season at times. â€Å"Cold in the earth – and fifteen wild Decembers† So imagining fifteen of them is what life is like for her without her lover. She is never going to find no one like him, â€Å"No later light has lightened up my heaven; No second morn has ever shone for me.† The form of, The Burial of Sir John Moore, is Eight four-line stanzas. The tone is mainly sadness at the loss of a war hero. The reader also senses the loneliness and fear of the soldiers and their guilty haste and nervousness in burying their hero without any form of ceremony. It has a regular rhyming scheme. It creates a sombre and solemn beat which might remind the reader of a military funeral march. The language is simple throughout the whole poem. The imagery creates a sense of their loneliness and fear and also of their pride and courage. The form of Remembrance is a lyric poem or lament written in eight four line verses. The tone at first questioning, doubting, then certain and passionately resolved. The mood is one of despair and grief. It is a regular rhyming scheme. It has the regular beat of a hymn, with the emphasis tending to fall at the beginning and half way through each line. There is also a lot of repetition – â€Å"cold,† â€Å"severed,† â€Å"forget,† â€Å"hopes,† â€Å"my life’s bliss† – to emphasise the effect the death has on the speaker. The bird metaphor in stanza two reflects the flightiness, and inconstancy of human thought. The change of tense in the second half of the poem heralds a change of thought and tone and answers the query raised. She does remember, only too well. â€Å"Fifteen wild Decembers† have not succeeded in dulling the â€Å"rapturous pain† of memory. The hard, unfeeling words of the first half, expressing the coldness of grief such as â€Å"cold,† â€Å"wrong,† â€Å"sever,† â€Å"hover,† â€Å"suffering,† â€Å"wild† â€Å"obscure† give way in the second half to softer words, hymn-like words (not surprising considering her Methodist background) such as â€Å"bliss,† â€Å"golden,† â€Å"joy,† â€Å"cherished,† â€Å"yearning,† â€Å"burning† â€Å"rapturous,† â€Å"anguish.† These words inject the poem with a passion, which reflects the depth of her emotions when she allows herself the luxury of remembrance. Out of both poems I think The Burial of Sir John Moore would come across as the saddest, even though it shows fewer emotions than Remembrance. However, the poem isn’t a depressing one to read, it has a kind of excitement to it, to find out what is going to happen. But the actual story line to both poems are very sad, which is clear as they both are about death.

The top greenhouse gas emitter in the world

Taking China and US as examples we notice that: 1) China burns more coal in its power plants and produces more goods in its factories, thus it emits more pollutants into the air and dumps more effluents into the water, and in effect the economy moves from point A to B in Graph 1 . 2) United States has grown richer in recent decades. Thus being sufficiently rich, it can afford o takes steps in limiting pollution, thereby reducing the environmental damage.In US, the cars have catalytic converters that reduce fog and the government has imposed a limit on the emission of pollutants from the plants. Thus the economy of US is moving from C to D in Graph 1. As a countries per capita income rise, the initial effect is environmental damage but when a country becomes sufficiently rich, it can afford to take steps to protect the environment. (Grumman & Obsolete, 2009) What does this have to do with International Trade? Trade liberalizing is often supported on the grounds that it will be promoti ng economic growth.Economic growth as a result will increase the per capita income which may lead to environmental damage initially but later, the country may take steps to improve the environmental quality. However, the rise in per capita income, improving or worsening the environmental quality can be well understood by observing which side of the environmental Sunsets curve the economy will lay. However the environmental Sunsets curve does not imply that globalization is good for the environment. It fairly gives an idea that a world level globalization has indeed harmed the environment, so far.INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVES TO COMBAT GREENHOUSE EFFECT AND COMATE CHANGE To combat greenhouse effect and climate change, many conferences and treaties have been conducted between various nations of the world. Some of these are: The Earth Summit/ROI Summit/ ROI Conference- This is also known as The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development which was held in ROI De Jeanine from J une 3 to June 14,1992. Many issues relating to environmental protection was first discussed here wherein 178 governments and 2400 representatives of non- governmental organizations participated.It resulted in the following documents: ROI Declaration on Environment and people Agenda Convention on Biological Diversity Forest Principles Framework Convention on Climate Change In 2012, it is again held in ROI from June 20th to 2nd, commonly called ROI+20 or ROI Summit 2012. The Kyoto Protocol- This is an agreement made under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Nations that ratify this protocol entrust to reduce their emissions of carbon dioxide and five other greenhouse gases. It consists of more than 160 countries globally.China has been the biggest single beneficiary of globalization, whose export led economy has experienced enormous growth since 1980. Meanwhile the single biggest environmental issue has been climate change. Before the government of China introdu ced several economic growth reforms in 1979, the average annual real GAP growth rate estimated by the Congressional Research Service stood at 5. 3%, from 1960-1978. An 2010, the annual growth rate was estimated at 10. 4%. China faced a steep incline and decline in its GAP growth rate due to global recession in 2008, which stood at 9. % drop compared to 14. % during 2012 (Agency). Due to the structural reforms, China's economy is set to grow 7. 6 percent in 2013, beating the government's 7. 5 percent target. (Angina, 2012). Due to such economic growth, it is clearly seen that China alone is a major emitter of greenhouse gases, which is raising the earth's average temperature. China's boom is closely associated with a huge increase in its emission of carbon dioxide. On the other hand, United States has already faced a situation of being the largest emitter of greenhouse gas in 2007.From 1980 to 2012; United States ranks three out of 187 countries in Human Development Index that rose b y 0. 4% annually (from 0. 843 to 0. 937 till date. ). Thus, United States has become sufficiently rich such that now the realization of taking steps to protect the environment dawns on them. The five environmental policies that President Obama has put in place to protect US environment and promote clan energy are (Price, 2008) : Creating the first-ever standard to limit greenhouse gases from new fossil-fuel-fired power plants, a source of carbon pollution.Establishing the first fuel efficiency standards for heavy-duty trucks, preventing 270 million metric tons of roundhouse gases from polluting the air. Putting into place the first-ever national standard for mercury and toxic air pollution from power plans, preventing up to 130,000 cases of asthma symptoms every year. Approving the nation's first offshore wind farm, that will generate clean electricity and power to 200,000 homes. Approving renewable energy projects, including 16 utility scale solar projects which are first ever on p ublic lands.However as years went by, and China began to develop at a rapid pace, the carbon dioxide emission began to rise, being almost equal to United States in 2006( 5817 million tones of CA) and overtaking it in 2007(6194 million tones). In 2006, United States greenhouse gas emissions decreased from 5992 million tones to 591 5 million tones. However, the US carbon dioxide emission rose by 1. 6% in 2007 following the bursting of the housing bubble in the mid 2007 when US entered a severe recession. This clearly shows how pollution is closely related to economic success.From 2008 onwards, the carbon dioxide level emitted by United States begins to reduce and in 2009, President Obama sets a target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the range of 17% below the 2005 levels. This is clearly understood by Sunsets explanation: As a country gets sufficiently rich, it can afford to take action to protect the environment. However, China is still in the stage of progression of being suff iciently rich, in comparison to its population (satisfying the needs of its entire people).Thus China continues to emit a high level of carbon dioxide in 2009, about 7205 million tones while Unite States is seen to reduce is emission to around 5427 million tones. Currently, China emits 48 % more CA than the USA and is responsible for a quarter of the world's emission. CONCLUSION China ranks as the top greenhouse gas emitter in the world while United States is in the second position. However China is responsible for a quarter of the world's emission.The main problem here is not globalization but China's economic success, which has to some extent come as a result of globalization. The foreign trade due to globalization makes producers have an access to larger, international markets. This access means that the economy benefits from international division of labor. Not only this, Domestic producer's produce more efficiently due to their international factorization and the pressure comin g from foreign companies. Thus consumers enjoy a wider variety of domestic and imported goods at lower prices.Empirical evidence suggests that globalization has significantly boosted economic growth in East Asian economies such as China. This economic growth, has down the line affected the environment adversely. Despite Environmental concerns, it's difficult to argue that China's growth, which has raised a millions of people out of dire poverty, is a bad thing. However, emission of carbon dioxide affects the future climate for all entries, thus being an international negative externally it is an important subject of international negotiation.

The Yalta Conference essays

The Yalta Conference essays In February 1945, Nazi armies were quickly beaten back towards Berlin by armies of the Soviet Union. British and American forces were preparing to invade Germany. Unconditional surrender could be expected from Germany in a matter of weeks. Also, in the Pacific War, American forces moved steadily from island to island towards a final invasion of the Japanese home islands. The possibility of using an atomic bomb to end the war was unknown to military experts and world leaders. With the defeat of Germany and Japan a certainty, the leaders of the Big Three Allied Powers, Prime Minister Winston Churchill of Great Britain, Communist Party Secretary Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union, and President Franklin Delano Roosevelt of the United States, met to plan and discuss the postwar world. The meeting was held at Livadia Palace at Yalta on the Crimean Peninsula of the Black Sea from February 4 to February 11, 1945, and was called the Yalta Conference. Was the Yalta Conference a success for the United States and Great Britain? One possibility is that a wily Joseph Stalin took advantage of an ailing Roosevelt to get many concessions in return for few on his part. It may also be argued that the agreements reached were mostly harmless and benefited none of the Big Three. Along this same notion, it can be argued too that conflicting aims and conflicting personalities inevitably led to compromises that failed to satisfy any of the leaders. The correct answer to the question is actually that the Yalta Conference was a success for the United States and Great Britain because they benefited most. That is to say that even though some significant concessions were made to Stalin by Churchill and Roosevelt, Stalin's concessions were even more significant. If it appears, in hindsight, that the Soviets came out ahead, it is because Stalin went back on his word, not because of concessions to him. Discussions at Yalta opened on the topic of the f...

Critique vs. Criticism

Critique vs. Criticism Critique vs. Criticism Critique vs. Criticism By Maeve Maddox Although dictionaries list critique and criticism as synonyms, the words are not exact equivalents. Perhaps because its two letters shorter, headline writers often use critique when criticism would be the more appropriate choice. Take the following example: News Anchor Fiercely and Succinctly Claps [sic] Back at a Viewers Critique of Her Appearance Here is the so-called critique: All the female reporters and anchors wear little to no jewelry but B Ciara wears the biggest and worst jewelry I have ever seen, please have her play by all same rules as every one else. The viewers petty comment is not a critique. It is a criticism. The word critique connotes a detailed analysis that describes and weighs the characteristics of something before drawing conclusions based on evidence and inference. The type of critique Im most familiar with analyzes and evaluates a piece of writing. Other kinds of critiques are written by political analysts, scientific theorists, and philosophers. A critique considers positive aspects of a subject as well as negative ones. A critiques conclusion may be negative, but the critic will have demonstrated a line of reasoning that led to it. The meanings of critique and criticism overlap, but criticism is already used in a general sense to refer to an expression of mere disapproval or faultfinding. It seems desirable to reserve the word critique to refer to a detailed and thoughtful analysis. Here are some alternative choices for criticism in the sense of censure: condemnation denunciation disapproval disparagement opprobrium attack stricture recrimination Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Synonyms for â€Å"Leader†Hang, Hung, Hanged90 Verbs Starting with â€Å"Ex-†

Discussion questions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion questions - Coursework Example The care factor of the nursing profession is an art and without being skillful in this art, the science of nursing isn’t very helpful.    When people say that they understand something, an idea or a concept, which can be as simple as learning how a machine or a software works or as complicated as Rene Decarte’s philosophy of existence, it is that comprehension, knowledge or understanding of the subject which is enveloped in the term epistemology. In other words, the very definition of the word ‘knowledge’ is epistemology.    Empiricism is the learning method that deems only the experience or the evidence a credible source for learning something. The five senses of touch, smell, taste, hearing and sight are the only channels that can qualify rough information as knowledge once it has gone through the test of experience.    Pospositivism is just a critical analysis of positivism. This form of positivism deems the studies ‘subjective’, where the prerequisite is that the subject and researcher are independent of each other and therefore the study or the conclusion is valid and ‘objective’. A paradigm is where distinct concepts (theories and practices) exist in coherence. This concept gives nurses the liberty to amend the nursing theories according to their specific situation in order to meet their goals.    The metaparadigm of nursing is defined by the following 4 concepts: person, environment, health, and nursing. Do you agree within this global representation of nursing? Why or why not? Would you add any other components or sub-components?   I would not add any other components to the definition of metaparadigm. The four concepts of; person, environment, health and nursing are comprehensive and all-inclusive. Nursing practice revolves around the person (patient) and everything is attached to responding to the patient’s needs. The environment is second most important factor. A nurse trained