The Secret to Rhetorical Strategy Essay Samples

The Secret to Rhetorical Strategy Essay Samples Even though the argument is largely based on the topic of animal farming, it attaches the maximum importance to people's level of meat consumption and wellness generally speaking. For instance, if you're requested to execute a review the scientific work, your rhetorical analysis ought to be very formal and have appropriate manner of presenting the results. Inductive reasoning has to be based on a sufficient number of reliable evidence. Gaining equal rights for all is not a simple job. Surely wealth may not be destroyed to the degree of particles. Employing a plagiarised content when paying less have zero meaning. The Characteristics of Rhetorical Strategy Essay Samples If you are able to analyze any book for your rhetorical assignment, choose the work you recognize well. Writing a rhetorical analysis outline template may look like an intimidating task. Your writing has to be brief and concise. Drafting and planning together with researching should be done in order to have a simple writing. If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Rhetorical Strategy Essay Samples Writing a rhetorical analysis essay may seem to be a daunting undertaking. Metaphors are likewise an effective rhetorical strategy employed in the essay. You've got a guide and get ideas about what to do with your essay. A great essay should have essential points. Just select the one you are feeling passionate about and begin creating an outstanding essay! There are lots of ways to compose an effective rhetorical analysis essay. If you would like to make sure your essay is completed according to all the requirements, you will be sure to require aid of a rhetorical analysis example. Browsing the internet and learning the info presented on various portals, you will figure out the outline is vital. Reviewing some narrative essay examples will be able to help you to organize your information and help you decide how to compose each paragraph to acquire the best outcomes. The University of North Carolina has a great web page on creating a paragraph using examples. The 5-Minute Rule for Rhetorical Strategy Essay Samples In reality, writers ought to be alert to how formulas which provide an ideal essay format usually is outdated and used by everyone. Using rhetorical strategies is essential to the essay as it helps the author to effectively communicate an idea to his audience. The exact same strategy, pathos, is used by Sunchips so as to steal the targeted audience's interest. The second portion of rhetoric involves the usage of the writer's imagery, tone, amongst others. Again, using a metaphor and symbol enables the reader to paint a crystal clear picture of Crevecoeur's ideas. An oxymoron can be referred to as a contradiction in terms and is most frequently employed for dramatic effect. Ok, I Think I Understand Rhetorical Strategy Essay Samples, Now Tell Me About Rhetorical Strategy Essay Samples! Following pre-writing stages is what every writer must bear in mind so as to create a productive introduction. Using rhetorical questions throughout King's Letter are included to generate the readers think about the fact of their circumstance. You would think that it is something complicated, but our art icle is prepared to provide help. In several cases a legitimate war story cannot be believed. Written rules and law can't create a sense of unity unless it's felt by people themselves. Diction means word choice. The reader needs to be willing to carry on reading in order to discover different procedures and statements to clarify in your rhetorical analysis essay. Some kinds of rhetorical devices may also be considered figurative language since they depend on a non-literal usage of particular words or phrases. Therefore, you should find and utilize various tactics or strategies to demonstrate the audience that you're right. Any illustration of rhetorical analysis consists of strong arguments made from powerful descriptive adverbs and adjectives. The Foolproof Rhetorical Strategy Essay Samples Strategy Writing of scholarship graduate essay is an extremely tough academic task simply because students have to demonstrate they are capable of accomplishing the task that they're applying for. Introduction is a rather important portion of the academic paper also. Thus, ensure you're knowledgeable about MLA and APA styles. Students have a difficult time in writing if they don't have a draft or outline to follow. From different communication settings, you can readily analyze the speech or writing and think of an excellent rhetorical paper. Such last-minute searching never becomes futile, which causes unfinished essay assignments and leads to a poor grade. The very first thing that you should know is the entire point of such a paper. Summary Hiring an inexpensive essay service may be a right selection for students at one time crunch. Details of Rhetorical Strategy Essay Samples You must demonstrate the outcome of the author's speech and effect. To put it differently, you're rushing to a conclusion before you have all of the relevant facts. Make sure you own a thesis statement and topic sentences for each and every paragraph. Fantastic examples involve public speeches by different authorities.

Personal Narrative I Run And Run - 1197 Words

Kidnapped I run and run. All I can here is the snap of tree branches, dogs barking who I can’t tell if they’re chasing me or just off in the distances, and the rocks rolling down the cliff next to me hoping that I’m not next to role down. As I keep running I feel my body slow down I became grow weaker every second. As I slow down I think to myself I have to keep running I need to get out of there I can’t stand it anymore. Just escape and get out of the awful place. Many things happened to lead up to this point. I don’t like to look back on these awful times anymore. I’m finally getting over it and getting those thoughts out of my head, but i think it will be good to get them out and make my voice heard. It all start on warm,†¦show more content†¦I stand up and start heading to the bathroom. He stops me and asks, â€Å"Where do you think your going?† I explain, â€Å"I have to use the bathroom.† He hesitates for a second and says, â€Å"Alright make it quick.† I hurry off as I get into the bathroom there s a window. At this moment I decide to climb out and get out so I can know where I am to get the police to help all the other girls. I get out and hear the kidnapper yelling for me and that s when I began to run. I run fast and faster every second. This is when i realize I will soon become weak and not be able to keep running. I hear off in the distance loud crunching of the leaves and twigs braking. I run hard and fast trying not to trip over the twigs in my path. I dodge most of them, but I hit the front of my foot off the front of a huge root and i twist my ankle. As i scramble to my feet it s too late he has me again†¦ He starts yelling at me, but it’s in spanish i have no idea what he is saying. I got one sentence he was saying and it was. â€Å"No te atrevas a hacer eso nuevamente tà º.† When I was free I looked it up and it means don’t you dare do that again you re mine. He was telling me that I was now his property and I will now always be. He brought me back to the hotel and wouldn’t let me out of his eyesight he was to afraid I would try to escape again and try to get away, and he wasn t wrong†¦ I would. â€Å"Can I go to the bathroom?†, I askShow MoreRelatedPersonal Narrative : I And Run1871 Words   |  8 PagesI and run. All I can hear is the snap of tree branches, dogs barking who I can’t tell if they’re chasing me or just off in the distances, and the rocks rolling down the cliff next to me hoping that I’m not next to roll down. As I keep running I feel my body slow down I became grow weaker every second. As I slow down I think to myself, I have to keep running I need to get out of there I can’t stand it anymore. Just escape and get out of the awful place. Many things happened to lead up to thisRead MorePersonal Narrative : I And Run1872 Words   |  8 PagesKidnapped I and run. All I can hear is the snap of tree branches, dogs barking who I can’t tell if they’re chasing me or just off in the distances, and the rocks rolling down the cliff next to me hoping that I’m not next to roll down. As I keep running I feel my body slow down I became grow weaker every second. As I slow down I think to myself, I have to keep running I need to get out of there I can’t stand it anymore. Just escape and get out of the awful place. Many things happened to lead upRead MoreRun Lola Run by Tom Tykwer888 Words   |  4 PagesRun Lola Run by Tom Tykwer is a stunning film incorporating an array of distinctively visual features. Distinctively visual texts are designed to manipulate the way we explore the images we see and affects the way we make interpretations of the experiences we encounter in the world. The distinctively visuals represented Tykwer’s film, is significantly strong as unique images dominate the screen to create a thrilling and suspenseful film. The story is told through images, symbols and motifs as thereRead MoreAnalysis Of The Film Peppermint Candy809 Words   |  4 PagesIn Sopyonje, the narrative structure is linear, which the cause leads to the effect. Peppermint Candy narrators the personal narrative of Youngho by a series of episodic event. The episodic events are a chain of events that are linked through repetition of motifs, which is the scene of railway. The episodic events that fol low are in reserves chronological order that highlights the personal narrative of Youngho and the national history. These episodic events are within a twenty-year time frame; henceRead MorePersonal Essay On The Light In The Forest743 Words   |  3 Pagesa very important role on peoples’ lives. â€Å"Family isn’t just about whose blood runs through your veins. It’s about who never left your side, stood up for you, and believed in you.†- Adrian Brody. Not only does your family help you throughout your life, but they always believe, encourage, and support you regardless, even in difficult times. In The Light in the Forest, Mary Jemison’s personal narrative, and from my personal experience, there are many situations when your family never leaves your sideRead MoreAnalysis Of Scribner s Article, Scribner756 Words   |  4 Pagesand personal narrative. The whole class was thrown for a curve ball when we were assigned Knoblauch for our first assignment. After rereading the material a few times, I began to understand what Knoblauch was trying to convey to us. His argument states that there isn’t a definite definition of literacy. He breaks literacy into four different categories. Functional literacy, critical literacy, liberal literacy and cultural literacy. Out of all the categories, I connected to literacy as personal growthRead MoreStructure of Personal Narrative797 Words   |  4 PagesCLRC Writing Center Structure of a Personal Narrative Essay â€Å"Narrative† is a term more commonly known as â€Å"story.† Narratives written for college or personal narratives, tell a story, usually to some point, to illustrate some truth or insight. Following are some tools to help you structure your personal narrative, breaking it down into parts. The â€Å"Hook† Start your paper with a statement about your story that catches the reader’s attention, for example: a relevant quotation, question, factRead MorePersonal Writing : Personal Reflection740 Words   |  3 PagesDuring the course of this semester, I wrote several essays, several of them being for English 111. The four primary essays I wrote for the course were on: the importance of truth, the time I almost died from an allergic reaction, a review of one of my favorite films, and a revision of the truth essay. In addition to my essays, I learned a lot from the peer reviews that the professor implemented as well. In writing the the first two essays, I found many improvements in my writing styles as a studentRead MoreAnalysis Of Two Documentaries Essay examples838 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis Of Two Documentaries I will be analysing two very different types of documentary, Dogtown and the Z-Boys, which takes the role of being a full length movie type documentary, and Teenage Transsexuals which was recently shown on Channel 4. Dogtown and the Z-Boys is a documentary which takes a look at the transformation of surfing into skateboarding. The film follows the evolution of skating through its heyday in the 70s, to its decline in the 80sRead MoreDistinctive Visuals in Run Lola Run Essay1190 Words   |  5 PagesGerman film, ‘Run Lola Run’ written and directed by Tom Tykwer, focuses on the experiences of the protagonist Lola to explore the themes of the inevitable force of time, and the issue of freewill verses determinism. Similarly, Dorothea Mackellar, in her poem ‘My Country’, relies on her experiences of the Australian landscape to convey her love and passion for the country using the language of the distinctive visual. The distinctively visual techniques employed by Tykwer in Run Lola Run, function

Effective Study Habits Worksheet free essay sample

University of Phoenix Material Effective Study Habits Worksheet Review Phoenix Career Plan results of Career Plan Building Activity: Work Culture Preference, respond to the following in 50 to 100 words each: 1. Describe your ideal study environment. The ideal study environment would be a room in my house converted into an office space. This room would have no distracting objects, only a desk, candles, a computer, and a coffee maker. I would have all my materials accessible, and have snacks on hand for my study breaks, so that I remain focused on the task at hand. 2. List some of the distractions that might hinder your study progress or your performance in an online classroom. Having multiple websites open while working on class work, or having a cluttered study area. Not having a schedule to maintain balance in my house with my children, and mate. Friends and family can be a distraction when they want to randomly stop by for visits or want you to go hang out, sometimes even calling and askin you to take them around so they can run some errans when they are having car trouble. We will write a custom essay sample on Effective Study Habits Worksheet or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3. What actions can you take to manage and eliminate distractions? Set a positive mood for my studies, and schedule a productive time to study, find a less distracting space. Discuss a designated study time with my family, and create a schedule for my children. Keep my study environment uncluttered so that I can find my resources and remain focused. Eliminate distractions that may temp me to procrastinate like cell phones and etc. 4. How will you apply your personal learning style? How does your personal Learning style affect your study habits? I will apply my personal learning style to help me make better choices, and have better focus, so that I improve my study habits. Knowing my personal learning style will affect my way of learning, by having a better understanding in the way that I personally learn. By knowing that I work and study better in a quite environment, and alone will help me to improve my academic learning. 5. List 5 effective study strategies from this week that you will use. Explain why you selected them and why they are effective strategies for online learning. 1. Make studing a part of your daily routine 2. Making your learning style work for you 3. Be alert for external distractions 4. Get enough sleep, so your brain functions better 5. Plan a definite time for study everyday The reason I have selected these five strategies, because they are very valuable and most effective to use in your online learning. These strategies each have a great deal of importance to improve your online learning experience. 6. Identify one change you can make immediately to increase the effectiveness of your study habits. Explain how this will help you become more effective. Start managing my study time more wisely and using a schedule. This will help me improve my performance in my classes, and help me adapt more to using a daily study habit. It will help me be more effective with using my time, and managing my time to provide me with better results, also to pace myself for more effective results with my studies. 7. How does your personal learning style relate to your ideal workplace and your personal work competencies? Knowing about your learning style can help you to choose effective strategies for learning and on the job. By understanding your learning style, you can learn to create an environment in which everyone can learn from you, not just those who use your preferred style. Your learning style relate to your ideal work place, because once you understand your personal learning style it helps you understand your self and the things that best fits with you. 8. How is understanding your ideal learning environment applicable to selecting your ideal workplace? Understanding your ideal learning environment gives you a better understanding, and better on view to know what you want and are looking for in a work place. Know yourself to the best of your knowledge gives you a better insight and wide view to help your realize what suits you best.

Logical God Vs Biblical God Essay Research free essay sample

Logical God Vs Biblical God Essay, Research Paper Can the descriptions of God, claimed by the Bible, be proven? In Descartes? Meditations, Descartes logically proved the being of an space and true being. The Holy Bible describes God, our Godhead. I plan to compare the logically proved space being ( God ) and the Biblical God and see if their traits mirror each other. If they do so it would turn out, if non give strong grounds, that they are one in the same. First I will repeat Descartes? cogent evidence of an space and true being. P1-Ideas are either internal, external, or innate. P2-The thought of eternity is non internal. P3-The thought of eternity is non external. P4-The thought of eternity is hence unconditioned. P5-Any cause must be greater than or equal to it? s consequence. P6-An space being is the cause of the thought of eternity. We will write a custom essay sample on Logical God Vs Biblical God Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page P1-P6 proves that their exists an infinite being. P7- Established is an space, true being. Since it? s space, so it? s boundlessly wise. In Plato? s The Republic, Socrates proved that a wiseman would be Just. Therefore, an infinate being would be boundlessly Just. So if the Bible is truth, and the Biblical God exists, so God would be boundlessly wise and Just every bit good. Following this logic, everything God carries out in the Bible must follow the guidelines of Justice. If there is an case where God displayed an act of unfairness, it proves at least the prophesier to be false. I have non inspected every line in the Bible nor do I program to. But I will travel over some of the chief rules of Christianity, with a focal point on Catholosism, and see if they follow that which is Just. The chose Catholosism for two grounds. One is because it? s my faith and it? s the one I know the most approximately. Second is because of it? s positions of Salvation, which is the chief focal point of faith. The Bible is translated in many different ways by different faiths. Many faiths believe that all you need is faith. Catholosism believes in religion and works. I will utilize the most utmost position, which is Catholosism. The stairss to redemption are that you must hold religion. When you have faith so you must besides hold repented all mortal sin.. In Catholosism the two sorts of wickedness are Mortal and Veniel. Mortal wickednesss are called person because what it does is kill your redemption. You must atone a mortal wickedness to have God? s grace one time once more. A Veniel wickedness is a less serious 1 that still lets you have God? s grace. That is, they need non be repented. If your psyche is clean of all mortal wickednesss so you are all right. If non so your traveling to hell. Now, does this follow in the logic of what an space and true being would make? Well a wickedness is an case where you gave in to your desires. An Ideal homo would neer make that. Any case where you put appetite before wisdom are all covered within the 10 commandments. Therefore the thought of? wickedness? is sound. Then comes the separation of a veniel wickedness and mortal wickedness. One might believe that the separation is God go throughing opinion on you. Passing opinion on person to populate everlastingly in snake pit would harm them. It would do the Judgement shaper unjust and less baronial. Therefore an boundlessly wise being, God, would non make this. He doesn? T do this. The separation is non a passing of opinion. God makes regulations and Lashkar-e-Taibas you choose your way. If you chose one that would set down you in snake pit, so God will give you the chance to atone and clean your psyche of that mortal wickedness. Evidence besides shows that you may perpetrate as many Venial wickednesss as you want. He does non utilize a balance graduated table to find you redemption. Which proves that it is in no manner go throughing opinion. Many may still reason, why is Catholosism prophesying? concluding opinion by the male parent? . If you examine the term Judgement, it means to do a determination or organize an sentiment. Since God is all knowing, he need non do determinations or sentiment since he knows all that is truth. Therefore, neither wo uld it be Just or possible for God for base on balls Judgement. Judgement, as stated in Catholosism, is used for deficiency of better term. The existent definition is? looking into your psyche to happen truth. ? That truth will find whether you go to hell or heaven. Then comes the inquiry of, why is faith necessarry. It is non nesarely necessary. An nescient homo who was neer given a opportunity to take religion is non excluded from Eden. The 1s without religion who are excluded are the 1s who consciously chose non to set their religion in God, but instead to set their religion in something else or nil at all. That all follows what is Just, hence Salvation as Catholics translate the Bible follows. Another belief is that of Purgatory. Purgatory happens when you have no mortal wickednesss, but your psyche must be cleaned of Venial wickedness before you may confront God in Eden. In The Republic, a differentiation was made between harming person and aching person, being that harming makes one less baronial and pain may do one more baronial. A being who is Just being would neer make injury. Purgatory is an illustration of injury without injury because it cleans the psyche of every case of wickedness. Therefore Purgatory would be one of the supreme Acts of the Apostless of Justice. Following I will analyze Jesus, the boy of God. It would be logical for the boy of an infinite being to be an ideal homo. An ideal homo would perpetrate no wickedness and commit no unfairness. Or, he would neer give in to his appetencies when logically it would be unwise. Jesus neer committed a wickedness, and did good plants and carried out what was Just. Jesus was that Ideal homo. Since Jesus was human, finally he would hold to decease. Which happened when they crucified him on the cross. He died on the wickednesss of the Jews who were existent worlds ( non-Ideal ) . They gave in to their appetencies when logically there was no ground for his executing. You can infer that they committed a wickedness when they killed him. Jesus died for our wickednesss. It would non be difficult to turn out the executing of Jesus because of the kept records from that clip. I will now take myself off the particular topic of God and put a focal point on Jesus. A strong cogent evidence may be made non merely on God, but on Catholosism as a whole. Harmonizing to Bible, Jesus stated that whatever his 12 aposoles preached would be as if he preached it himself. They were the laminitiss of Catholosism with Peter, one of the 12, taking caput as the Pope. Through the old ages, Catholosism has non changed in their ideals and beliefs as the other faiths have. They stuck with whatever the original 12 have said. And it is logical to cognize every bit good that ideals besides neer alteration. If the popular belief on an issue has changed, it wouldn? Ts make sense to alter the ideal every bit good. It would be a false belief of logic to conform merely because of a bulk. In decision, I have non found any defects in logic within the bible? s description of God. All his traits and procedures of redemption mirror that of what an space and true being would be and utilize. Along with this, I was able to, unpurposely, accomplish two other things. One was create or place a method for confuting any godly Bible. Simply put, if a prophesier makes a description of God, but that description does non follow logically into what an space and true being is, so the description is incorrect. Therefore, anything else that prophesier has written may fall into inquiry and he may be defined a false prophesier. I have found none such instance and a cogent evidence that I will neer happen such a instance has non been presented to me. The 2nd thing that was unpurposally accomplished was a strong statement taking toward the overall truthfulness of Catholosism. The Catholic Ideals follow logically what is God, and the boy of God. It didn? t alteration with any popular thought of a clip. Any alteration in ideal that did happen was deemed unfair and changed back. It besides didn? t sprout out of no where merely because one did non hold with an ideal. What I have presented was a strong statement that should give Catholosism a logical border over others, and do it a logitions faith.

Definition and Examples of Zimbabwean English

Definition and Examples of Zimbabwean English Zimbabwean English is the variety of the English language spoken in the Republic of Zimbabwe, located in southern Africa. English is the primary language used in schools in Zimbabwe, but it is one of the 16 official languages in the country.   Examples and Observations: From Rhodesia to ZimbabweZimbabwe, earlier Southern Rhodesia, became a British colony in 1898. By 1923 it gained a measure of self-government and was part of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland from 1953 to 1963. Like South Africa, Southern Rhodesia had a settled white population, the leaders of whom opposed the notion of one man, one vote. In 1965, the white minority broke away from Britain but its Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) was declared illegal. In 1980, general elections were held and Zimbabwe came into existence.(Loreto Todd and Ian F. Hancock, International English Usage. Routledge, 1986)Influences on  Zimbabwean EnglishRhodesian English is regarded as a fossil, non-productive dialect. Independence as a democratic republic under black majority rule in 1980 changed the social, economic and political conditions in which blacks and whites interacted in Zimbabwe; in this environment, it is appropriate to refer to the prevailing English dialect in the country as Zimbabwean English (ZimE) as it is a productive and changing variety. . . .The principal influences on Rhodesian English lexis are Afrikaans and Bantu (mainly chiShona and isiNdebele). The more informal the situation, the more likely it is is to encounter local expressions.(Susan Fitzmaurice, L1 Rhodesian English. The Lesser-Known Varieties of English, ed. by D. Schreier et al. Cambridge University Press, 2010) Characteristics of  Zimbabwean English[W]hite Zimbabweans perceive that their dialect of English is distinct from other southern African accents. They . . . refer to details of pronunciation and lexis in order to illustrate how their speech differs from British English on the one hand and South African English on the other. For example, informants will refer to the fact that lakker . . . is a Zimbabwean word. Actually, it is a loanword from Afrikaans lekker, nice, but it is pronounced in a specifically Zimbabwean way, namely with a more open front vowel: lakker  [là ¦kÉ™]  and without a final flapped [r]. Additionally, Zimbabwean English has unique lexical expressions, many of them dating from early colonial days, some adaptations or innovations, some loan translations. For example, the (now quite old-fashioned) approbatory adjective mush or mushy . . . nice may well have arisen out of the persistent misunderstanding of the Shona word musha  home, while shupa (v. and n.) worry, bother, hassle, is a borrowing from Fanagalo, the colonial pidgin used by whites. The verb chaya strike ( Shona tshaya) also occurs in Fanagalo. Thus white Zimbabweans . . . link their dialect to the matter of the identification with place and differentiate themselves from those from neighboring South Africa for instance.(Susan Fitzmaurice, History, Social Meaning, and Identity in the Spoken English of White Zimbabweans.  Developments in English: Expanding Electronic Evidence, ed. by  Irma Taavitsainen  et al. Cambridge University Press, 2015) English in ZimbabweEnglish is the official language of Zimbabwe, and much teaching in schools is also carried out in English, except in the case of the youngest Shomna- and Ndebele-speaking children. . . . The Zimbabwean English of the native anglophone population resembles very closely that of South Africa, but according to Wells (1982) it has never been systematically studied. Native English speakers make up less than 1 per cent of the total population of 11 million.(Peter Trudgill, Lesser-Known Varieties of English. Alternative Histories of English, ed. by R. J. Watts and P. Trudgill. Routledge, 2002) Also Known As: Rhodesian English

Acid Base Science Fair Project Ideas

Acid Base Science Fair Project Ideas Are you looking for a science fair idea involving acids, bases, or pH? Here are some ideas to get you started: Measure the amount of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in orange juice (or another juice). Test to see how the amount of vitamin C changes after the juice is exposed to air (or light or heat).Simulate acid rain by adding an acid to water. You can use pH paper to test whether the acidity is changed after water runs through different types of soil or through plant root systems.Is the acidity of apples (malic acid) affected by their ripeness?See if you can make your own pH indicator from common plants or chemicals.Measure the pH of common acidic beverages (soft drinks, lemonade, orange juice, tomato juice, milk, etc.) and examine how easily they corrode metal (such as iron). Another idea: which is more corrosive? A salt solution or an acidic liquid?Do all brands of orange juice contain the same amount of ascorbic acid?Compare the effects of different acidic fruit juices and liquids (e.g., vinegar) at preventing apple browning.Which animals saliva has the lowest pH? You could test humans, dogs, cats, possibly other species. What is the effect of pH on growth or survivability of daphnia (an aquatic crustacean)? You could test other factors too, such as salinity or the presence of detergent in the water.How does the pH of the water affect tadpole development?Does acid rain (real or simulated) affect the number and type of organelles seen in algae under the microscope?Which is a better conductor of electricity, an acid or a base?Does the pH of water affect the growth or survivability of mosquito larvae?

Human trafficing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human trafficing - Essay Example This is similar to slavery. Traffickers tend to exploit such persons and limit their freedom and movement. They sell them in the traffic market so as to make a kill out of it (Thomas 2). The complex nature of human trafficking needs an advanced approach and cooperation by different people involved in this vice. Stakeholders involved include law enforcement agencies, agencies working with the government, religious and non-profit making organizations. This approach combats human trafficking of women in particular by preventing, prosecuting, and even providing direct assistance to the victims in question, not forgetting interventionary approaches (Thomas 6). Moreover, there is also the crucial issue of trafficking women for the purpose of sexual exploitation. This continues to be an old trade in the world. It can be estimated that a large portion of women get trafficked internationally across borders of different countries in the world. These figures can be obtained from the recent study of sex slavery in the world. Nevertheless, global initiatives are now in control to help curb such vices from destroying a country’s fabric of integrity. They help in preventing, punishing and suppressing human trafficking. Certain stringent policies are now in effect to help suppress this vice. Persons caught trafficking and smuggling human kind can be observed as having committed two offences. Hence, smuggling is the delivering persons into a country they are not legal citizens and leaving them to fend for themselves illegally without legal documents of operation in that country. It involves paying a bribe to provide entry into that country. Sm uggling and trafficking of human kind is a vice involving the use of force that can be considered to be illegal and involuntary to the will of such persons (Thomas 13). The law plays a crucial part in defining them. It explores the method in which women who can be trafficked, can be viewed by law. For instance, having a view at the

Discussion board seven Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion board seven - Coursework Example ng provides several opportunities for career advancement; these include advancement into management positions, regional health officers, and heads of sections. There are several career opportunities with advanced nursing degrees; these are Clinical Nurse Specialists, Legal Nurse Consultants, Certified Nurse Midwife, Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist, and Nurse Attorney. Advancement in the nursing career comes with several benefits for nurses. First, advancement in the nursing career brings a great deal of self-fulfillment to a person (OLynn, 2013). The nurses can choose their own path in the career ladder. Buchan and Black (2011) argue that making a difference in the lives of people they care for daily guarantees personal fulfillment. Second, advanced nurses have a wide range of knowledge to provide for the needs of diverse patients (Yoder-Wise, 2011). As they advance, nurses are exposed to both theoretical and practical knowledge pertinent in the field of nursing. Third, advanced nurses have wide range of specializations to choose from; they can either work in offices, at the bedsides, or even outside the hospital. Fourth, advanced nurses are guaranteed of job security because hospitals cannot work without them. I think all nurses should have advanced degrees in nursing. Advanced degree in nursing will enable nurses to enjoy several benefits associated with advanced careers in the field. These include personal fulfillment, increased knowledge for healthcare provision, access to several specializations for choosing, and job

Medieval Europe - Papal Reformation Essay Example for Free

Medieval Europe Papal Reformation Essay Since the Council of Nicaea called in the fourth century by Constantine to the early eleventh century, the Church was never established as a free standing institution. For over eight hundred years the Church had been under the authority of secular powers. Charlemagne and the Carolingians emperors saw themselves as the ones to maintain the Church materially, organizationally, and spiritually, while the pope was only an example of ideal Christian living. Social deterioration led to the corruption of the Church and its offices; simony being the biggest problem. The papacy itself was corrupted by simony and Roman politics. While reform had been taking place in the local levels for some time, the papacy was the last part of the Church to be reformed. The papacy reformation came about through three major popes: Leo IX (1049-1054), Nicholas II (1059-1061), and Gregory VII (1073-1085). The actions by these popes in the eleventh century would root out the corruption within the church and cause conflict between the secular authorities and the papacy resulting in the separation and establishing of the Church as a power on its own. After numerous corrupt popes, Leo IX is considered to be the pope that started the papacy reformation. Ironically, he was appointed pope by his cousin Emperor Henry III. After being coroneted, Leo spent less than six months in Rome traveling through Italy, Germany, France, and as far as Hungary ( Blum, 485). According to Backman, â€Å"Leo recognized two things from the very start: first, the papacy could not be properly reformed so long as it remained mired in Roman factional politics; and second, the papacy needed to be seen by the faithful in order to secure the gains of the reform† (Backman, 268). Leo was literally the first pope to be seen by most Christians (Backman, 268), and he wanted to â€Å"project an image of the papacy in action† (Blum, 485). For a long time the title of pope was just a name without any meaning or power; however, Leo would change that with his travels. Leo’s great accomplishments were abolishing simony, help ending the practice of cl erical marriage, and improving the clergies training and education. Pope Leo IX, through his travels had plans of establishing his authority while also rooting out corruption still in local churches. â€Å"Leo staged large-scale Masses, pronounced Peace and Truce decrees, and offered all the faithful the opportunity to air grievances about their local church and ecclesiastical leaders† (Backman, 269). Clergy that had obtained their position by way of simony were given the chance to retain their office only if the confessed their faults and swore publicly to dedicate themselves to the reformed Church. According to Backman these acts were performed in public for two reasons: First, the people themselves got to hear the confession of their clergy, and second, the pope got the pleasure of having the faithful see the priest, bishops, and archbishops kneeling before Leo, in other words, used the reform-celebration itself as a means for establishing papal authority over the episcopacy. Henceforth, everyone understood that the bishops served as the legitimate leaders of the Church because the Holy Father himself had publically bestowed their office upon them. The papacy now stood at the head of a new hierarchy and determined its legitimacy. 269 The last major contributing act Leo had towards the reformation was the creation of the College of Cardinals. Leo saw that the Church was not intellectually able to deal with issue it was faced with. He created a body of advisors for the papacy that included theologians, lawyers, philosophers, historians, scientists, and diplomats. These handpicked advisors would lend expert council to the pope on settling and resolving doctrinal issues never really solved by the Church. One of the issues they dealt with was celibacy for the clergy; this would not be settled until Pope Nicholas II. The papacy was now the decision making center on doctrinal issues for the Church. Leo IX was a major turning point for the Church, but unfortunately he would not finish what he started. The next pope to further the papal reformation was Nicholas II. Pope Nicholas II built upon what Leo IX had already done. Nicholas and a council produced the Lateran synod of April 1059. The synod ended clerical marriage and established clergy celibacy. It also added to the strict prevention of simony. Also with the synod, Nicholas and the council made two major decisions that would shape the papacy up until today. The first of these decisions was to condemn the practice of lay investiture. â€Å"The ritual by which a lay prince â€Å"invested† a priest or bishop with the insignia of his office suggested that the ecclesiastical authority was subordinate to the secular† (Backman, 270). The papacy now condemned this seeing as the reforming popes were trying to establish the Church as an entity on its own. The Church wanted to control everything about itself and completely cut off any secular ties trying to control it. The second major decision Nicholas and the council made was mad in the Papal Election Decree of 1059. This was to ensure no pope could ever be placed in power by a secular ruler but only elected by the College of Cardinals. Backman describes it as this: †¦for all eternity the only way for any individual to become the legitimate pontiff of the Holy Catholic Church was to be freely elected to the position by the College of Cardinals. This decree removed the Holy See from the clutched of the Roman magnates, but it also declared the papacy’s independence from the imperial power. 270 These actions changed the state’s authority over the church that had been present since Constantine. When Henry IV came to power in 1056, he did not like the actions taken by the Church and trying to separate from his authority. The tension between the papacy and secular powers came to a high during the pontificate of Pope Gregory VII. Now Gregory VII had begun his career in Rome during the pontificate of Leo IX as Leo’s â€Å"‘secretary of state’ and author of his important papers† (Blum, 485). So Gregory had been around since the beginning of the papal reformation. His actions and policies would lead to the biggest conflict between the Church and State during this reformation. After dealing with carious rebellions, Henry IV’s resent meant lead him to prepare to attack Rome and deal with the papacy’s action. Henry wanted to show that he had supremacy and was the ruler of both Church and State. Before Henry could attack, Gregory responded with a declaration called the Dictatus Papae. This was a list of twenty-seven single sentence decrees about papal power. Gaudemet defines them as, â€Å"lapidary and unrestrained terms the universal power of the pope; his authority over bishops, clerics and councils, and his right to depose the emperor, to certify every canonical text, to make law and to deliver judgment from which there is no appeal† (Gaudemet, 470). Gregory was trying to establish that he alone, as the pope, had complete supremacy over both Church and the emperor. Henry took these Dictates as a direct attack on his royal rights and power. This led to both Gregory and Henry writing letters back and forth to each other with increasing t ensions with each letter. These letters led to both of them excommunicating and deposing the other from office at the end of 1076. The excommunicating of each other would lead to a major event in establishing supremacy to the pope. Gregory, being the pope, was still head of the Church, and Henry found himself still excommunicated. Henry and his advisor devised a plan to get him forgiven and restored into the Church. Being the pope meant that Gregory was a priest, and he would have to forgive a penitent sinner. Gregory was caught off guard at his castle in Canossa, Italy by Henry’s arrival and asking of forgiveness. This had made Gregory furious, but he had to forgive him. Gregory used this to his advantage, showing that he had supremacy over the emperor. Gregory made Henry stand outside his window barefoot wearing penitential rags for three days begging for forgiveness and pleading for restoration. While this move by Henry helped him with his enemies and restored him back into the Church, this move also hurt him. This move now shifted the supremacy towards the pope. The emperor was now seen as submissive to the pope and had to do what the pope said. While more conflicts happened between Gregory VII and Henry IV, the investiture struggle would not end with them. It was officially ended in 1122 with Henry IV’s son, Henry the V, and Pope Calixtus II (1119-1124) with the Concordat of Worms. This allowed ecclesiastical appointment to be made by the Church alone but also allowed secular rulers to participate with the lands and appurtenances supplementary to the positions. The issue of papal supremacy over imperial supremacy was circumvented, only to erupt again in centuries later. While Urban II (1088-1099) was able to finalize the reform of the Church during his pontificate, it wasn’t really until the end of the twelfth century that the Church reform came to a conclusion. Gregory VII and the popes following openly proclaimed the Church’s supremacy and sovereignty over the secular world. They had not only made the Church a standing institution on its own, but they had reversed the historical roles of the Church and State. Since the time of Gregory VII, the papacy had become a massive bureaucracy. The Church now had an ostentatious financial machinery, judicial system, bureaucratic structure, police network, and standing army. The Church was now its own free standing institution and would eventually become its own sovereign city-state.

Aspects of Human Gene Therapy :: Science Biology Genetic Essays

Aspects of Human Gene Therapy Introduction The prospect of human gene therapy was first realized in 1971 when the first recombinant DNA experiments were planned. Gene therapy can be simply viewed as inserting bits of foreign DNA into a patient’s tissue in hopes of evoking a biologic response that will effectively eliminate the targeted disease. Major advances in recombinant DNA technology have occurred over the last 20 years so that now gene therapy is becoming a reality. Gene therapeutic techniques have recently been attempted to treat patients with the genetic diseases severe combined immune deficiency (SCID), cystic fibrosis, and Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy (Donegan, 1995). The optimist foresees a time when a patient will simply receive a snippet of DNA and go home cured. There are many ethical and scientific hurdles that must first be crossed for such a dream to become reality. The technology has advanced so rapidly that many ethical questions weren’t originally addressed and accordingly are now bec oming the center of attention regarding human genetic research. Furthermore, scientists must find a way to outwit the body’s immune system which is primed to fight any foreign material such as inserted genes. There are also difficulties in getting the targeted cells to open up their molecular locks to allow the foreign genes inside. Gene therapy, like other medical advances before it, will have numerous failures before reaching its full potential. It will be important for the public, press, and medical industry to be patient in waiting for the dream of gene therapy to become a reality. Technological Aspects of Gene Therapy The underlying principle of gene therapy is the transfer of genetic material to specific cells of a patient in an effort to initiate a biological response to fight or eliminate a disease. There are two possible types of target cells, somatic cells that are non-reproducing, or reproducing germ-line cells. If germ-line cells are permanently altered, all future generations would be effected. Most of the current human genetic research involves somatic cells since the ethical ramifications of germ-line cell modification is still being debated. Some scientists have expressed concerns that even altered somatic cell genes could find their way to reproducing, germ-line cells (Donegan, 1995). Accordingly, regulations are strict in regards to somatic cell gene modification techniques so that this gene migration will not occur. Transfer of genes to target cells is usually accomplished by some sort of vector such as retroviruses, adenoviruses, or liposomes (Mulligan, 1993; Crystal, 1995).

Feelings Of Sadness Essay

This question is about feelings of sadness. Look at the Burial of St John Moore choose one more where there are feelings of sadness. With close reference to the way the poems are written compare and contrast how each speaker conveys his or her feelings of sadness. Show which poem has the more powerful appeal to you emotions. The two poems I am going to use are `The Burial of Sir John Moore` at Corunna by Charles Wolfe and `Remembrance` by Emily Brontà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. The poem, The Burial of Sir John Moore is a soldier’s-eye-view of what initially appears to be the hurried and rather undignified burial at night of Sir John Moore in an unmarked grave and immediately prior to the retreat of his surviving forces by sea. The clear sadness in this poem is of a death, just what Remembrance deals with. Although Brontà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ is writing about a death of a lover her use of first person narration, presents the reader with a very powerful description of the emotions surrounding the loss. In the poem, The Burial of Sir John Moore, the funeral they have for the major still respected even though it’s in silence and nothing of what a man of his standards or any soldier should be having. The funeral differs a lot from what a funeral would be if the body was brought back home properly. â€Å"Not a drum was heard, not a funeral note† If that was back home, there would be the complete opposite from that line, all the soldiers would drum and there would be tunes. â€Å"Not a soldier discharged his farewell shot† But on the battlefield they couldn’t make any noise what so ever, therefore the funeral was done in silence. The whole way through the poem you still see how much respect the soldiers have for Sir John Moore, even after he’s dead. They still look up to him as the hero that he is. In the poem â€Å"The Remembrance†, Bronte is talking about her partner that has passed away. Her use of first person narration presents the reader of very powerful descriptions about her love and emotions. The month of December is a very cold and miserable season at times. â€Å"Cold in the earth – and fifteen wild Decembers† So imagining fifteen of them is what life is like for her without her lover. She is never going to find no one like him, â€Å"No later light has lightened up my heaven; No second morn has ever shone for me.† The form of, The Burial of Sir John Moore, is Eight four-line stanzas. The tone is mainly sadness at the loss of a war hero. The reader also senses the loneliness and fear of the soldiers and their guilty haste and nervousness in burying their hero without any form of ceremony. It has a regular rhyming scheme. It creates a sombre and solemn beat which might remind the reader of a military funeral march. The language is simple throughout the whole poem. The imagery creates a sense of their loneliness and fear and also of their pride and courage. The form of Remembrance is a lyric poem or lament written in eight four line verses. The tone at first questioning, doubting, then certain and passionately resolved. The mood is one of despair and grief. It is a regular rhyming scheme. It has the regular beat of a hymn, with the emphasis tending to fall at the beginning and half way through each line. There is also a lot of repetition – â€Å"cold,† â€Å"severed,† â€Å"forget,† â€Å"hopes,† â€Å"my life’s bliss† – to emphasise the effect the death has on the speaker. The bird metaphor in stanza two reflects the flightiness, and inconstancy of human thought. The change of tense in the second half of the poem heralds a change of thought and tone and answers the query raised. She does remember, only too well. â€Å"Fifteen wild Decembers† have not succeeded in dulling the â€Å"rapturous pain† of memory. The hard, unfeeling words of the first half, expressing the coldness of grief such as â€Å"cold,† â€Å"wrong,† â€Å"sever,† â€Å"hover,† â€Å"suffering,† â€Å"wild† â€Å"obscure† give way in the second half to softer words, hymn-like words (not surprising considering her Methodist background) such as â€Å"bliss,† â€Å"golden,† â€Å"joy,† â€Å"cherished,† â€Å"yearning,† â€Å"burning† â€Å"rapturous,† â€Å"anguish.† These words inject the poem with a passion, which reflects the depth of her emotions when she allows herself the luxury of remembrance. Out of both poems I think The Burial of Sir John Moore would come across as the saddest, even though it shows fewer emotions than Remembrance. However, the poem isn’t a depressing one to read, it has a kind of excitement to it, to find out what is going to happen. But the actual story line to both poems are very sad, which is clear as they both are about death.

The top greenhouse gas emitter in the world

Taking China and US as examples we notice that: 1) China burns more coal in its power plants and produces more goods in its factories, thus it emits more pollutants into the air and dumps more effluents into the water, and in effect the economy moves from point A to B in Graph 1 . 2) United States has grown richer in recent decades. Thus being sufficiently rich, it can afford o takes steps in limiting pollution, thereby reducing the environmental damage.In US, the cars have catalytic converters that reduce fog and the government has imposed a limit on the emission of pollutants from the plants. Thus the economy of US is moving from C to D in Graph 1. As a countries per capita income rise, the initial effect is environmental damage but when a country becomes sufficiently rich, it can afford to take steps to protect the environment. (Grumman & Obsolete, 2009) What does this have to do with International Trade? Trade liberalizing is often supported on the grounds that it will be promoti ng economic growth.Economic growth as a result will increase the per capita income which may lead to environmental damage initially but later, the country may take steps to improve the environmental quality. However, the rise in per capita income, improving or worsening the environmental quality can be well understood by observing which side of the environmental Sunsets curve the economy will lay. However the environmental Sunsets curve does not imply that globalization is good for the environment. It fairly gives an idea that a world level globalization has indeed harmed the environment, so far.INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVES TO COMBAT GREENHOUSE EFFECT AND COMATE CHANGE To combat greenhouse effect and climate change, many conferences and treaties have been conducted between various nations of the world. Some of these are: The Earth Summit/ROI Summit/ ROI Conference- This is also known as The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development which was held in ROI De Jeanine from J une 3 to June 14,1992. Many issues relating to environmental protection was first discussed here wherein 178 governments and 2400 representatives of non- governmental organizations participated.It resulted in the following documents: ROI Declaration on Environment and people Agenda Convention on Biological Diversity Forest Principles Framework Convention on Climate Change In 2012, it is again held in ROI from June 20th to 2nd, commonly called ROI+20 or ROI Summit 2012. The Kyoto Protocol- This is an agreement made under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Nations that ratify this protocol entrust to reduce their emissions of carbon dioxide and five other greenhouse gases. It consists of more than 160 countries globally.China has been the biggest single beneficiary of globalization, whose export led economy has experienced enormous growth since 1980. Meanwhile the single biggest environmental issue has been climate change. Before the government of China introdu ced several economic growth reforms in 1979, the average annual real GAP growth rate estimated by the Congressional Research Service stood at 5. 3%, from 1960-1978. An 2010, the annual growth rate was estimated at 10. 4%. China faced a steep incline and decline in its GAP growth rate due to global recession in 2008, which stood at 9. % drop compared to 14. % during 2012 (Agency). Due to the structural reforms, China's economy is set to grow 7. 6 percent in 2013, beating the government's 7. 5 percent target. (Angina, 2012). Due to such economic growth, it is clearly seen that China alone is a major emitter of greenhouse gases, which is raising the earth's average temperature. China's boom is closely associated with a huge increase in its emission of carbon dioxide. On the other hand, United States has already faced a situation of being the largest emitter of greenhouse gas in 2007.From 1980 to 2012; United States ranks three out of 187 countries in Human Development Index that rose b y 0. 4% annually (from 0. 843 to 0. 937 till date. ). Thus, United States has become sufficiently rich such that now the realization of taking steps to protect the environment dawns on them. The five environmental policies that President Obama has put in place to protect US environment and promote clan energy are (Price, 2008) : Creating the first-ever standard to limit greenhouse gases from new fossil-fuel-fired power plants, a source of carbon pollution.Establishing the first fuel efficiency standards for heavy-duty trucks, preventing 270 million metric tons of roundhouse gases from polluting the air. Putting into place the first-ever national standard for mercury and toxic air pollution from power plans, preventing up to 130,000 cases of asthma symptoms every year. Approving the nation's first offshore wind farm, that will generate clean electricity and power to 200,000 homes. Approving renewable energy projects, including 16 utility scale solar projects which are first ever on p ublic lands.However as years went by, and China began to develop at a rapid pace, the carbon dioxide emission began to rise, being almost equal to United States in 2006( 5817 million tones of CA) and overtaking it in 2007(6194 million tones). In 2006, United States greenhouse gas emissions decreased from 5992 million tones to 591 5 million tones. However, the US carbon dioxide emission rose by 1. 6% in 2007 following the bursting of the housing bubble in the mid 2007 when US entered a severe recession. This clearly shows how pollution is closely related to economic success.From 2008 onwards, the carbon dioxide level emitted by United States begins to reduce and in 2009, President Obama sets a target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the range of 17% below the 2005 levels. This is clearly understood by Sunsets explanation: As a country gets sufficiently rich, it can afford to take action to protect the environment. However, China is still in the stage of progression of being suff iciently rich, in comparison to its population (satisfying the needs of its entire people).Thus China continues to emit a high level of carbon dioxide in 2009, about 7205 million tones while Unite States is seen to reduce is emission to around 5427 million tones. Currently, China emits 48 % more CA than the USA and is responsible for a quarter of the world's emission. CONCLUSION China ranks as the top greenhouse gas emitter in the world while United States is in the second position. However China is responsible for a quarter of the world's emission.The main problem here is not globalization but China's economic success, which has to some extent come as a result of globalization. The foreign trade due to globalization makes producers have an access to larger, international markets. This access means that the economy benefits from international division of labor. Not only this, Domestic producer's produce more efficiently due to their international factorization and the pressure comin g from foreign companies. Thus consumers enjoy a wider variety of domestic and imported goods at lower prices.Empirical evidence suggests that globalization has significantly boosted economic growth in East Asian economies such as China. This economic growth, has down the line affected the environment adversely. Despite Environmental concerns, it's difficult to argue that China's growth, which has raised a millions of people out of dire poverty, is a bad thing. However, emission of carbon dioxide affects the future climate for all entries, thus being an international negative externally it is an important subject of international negotiation.

The Yalta Conference essays

The Yalta Conference essays In February 1945, Nazi armies were quickly beaten back towards Berlin by armies of the Soviet Union. British and American forces were preparing to invade Germany. Unconditional surrender could be expected from Germany in a matter of weeks. Also, in the Pacific War, American forces moved steadily from island to island towards a final invasion of the Japanese home islands. The possibility of using an atomic bomb to end the war was unknown to military experts and world leaders. With the defeat of Germany and Japan a certainty, the leaders of the Big Three Allied Powers, Prime Minister Winston Churchill of Great Britain, Communist Party Secretary Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union, and President Franklin Delano Roosevelt of the United States, met to plan and discuss the postwar world. The meeting was held at Livadia Palace at Yalta on the Crimean Peninsula of the Black Sea from February 4 to February 11, 1945, and was called the Yalta Conference. Was the Yalta Conference a success for the United States and Great Britain? One possibility is that a wily Joseph Stalin took advantage of an ailing Roosevelt to get many concessions in return for few on his part. It may also be argued that the agreements reached were mostly harmless and benefited none of the Big Three. Along this same notion, it can be argued too that conflicting aims and conflicting personalities inevitably led to compromises that failed to satisfy any of the leaders. The correct answer to the question is actually that the Yalta Conference was a success for the United States and Great Britain because they benefited most. That is to say that even though some significant concessions were made to Stalin by Churchill and Roosevelt, Stalin's concessions were even more significant. If it appears, in hindsight, that the Soviets came out ahead, it is because Stalin went back on his word, not because of concessions to him. Discussions at Yalta opened on the topic of the f...

Critique vs. Criticism

Critique vs. Criticism Critique vs. Criticism Critique vs. Criticism By Maeve Maddox Although dictionaries list critique and criticism as synonyms, the words are not exact equivalents. Perhaps because its two letters shorter, headline writers often use critique when criticism would be the more appropriate choice. Take the following example: News Anchor Fiercely and Succinctly Claps [sic] Back at a Viewers Critique of Her Appearance Here is the so-called critique: All the female reporters and anchors wear little to no jewelry but B Ciara wears the biggest and worst jewelry I have ever seen, please have her play by all same rules as every one else. The viewers petty comment is not a critique. It is a criticism. The word critique connotes a detailed analysis that describes and weighs the characteristics of something before drawing conclusions based on evidence and inference. The type of critique Im most familiar with analyzes and evaluates a piece of writing. Other kinds of critiques are written by political analysts, scientific theorists, and philosophers. A critique considers positive aspects of a subject as well as negative ones. A critiques conclusion may be negative, but the critic will have demonstrated a line of reasoning that led to it. The meanings of critique and criticism overlap, but criticism is already used in a general sense to refer to an expression of mere disapproval or faultfinding. It seems desirable to reserve the word critique to refer to a detailed and thoughtful analysis. Here are some alternative choices for criticism in the sense of censure: condemnation denunciation disapproval disparagement opprobrium attack stricture recrimination Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Synonyms for â€Å"Leader†Hang, Hung, Hanged90 Verbs Starting with â€Å"Ex-†

Discussion questions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion questions - Coursework Example The care factor of the nursing profession is an art and without being skillful in this art, the science of nursing isn’t very helpful.    When people say that they understand something, an idea or a concept, which can be as simple as learning how a machine or a software works or as complicated as Rene Decarte’s philosophy of existence, it is that comprehension, knowledge or understanding of the subject which is enveloped in the term epistemology. In other words, the very definition of the word ‘knowledge’ is epistemology.    Empiricism is the learning method that deems only the experience or the evidence a credible source for learning something. The five senses of touch, smell, taste, hearing and sight are the only channels that can qualify rough information as knowledge once it has gone through the test of experience.    Pospositivism is just a critical analysis of positivism. This form of positivism deems the studies ‘subjective’, where the prerequisite is that the subject and researcher are independent of each other and therefore the study or the conclusion is valid and ‘objective’. A paradigm is where distinct concepts (theories and practices) exist in coherence. This concept gives nurses the liberty to amend the nursing theories according to their specific situation in order to meet their goals.    The metaparadigm of nursing is defined by the following 4 concepts: person, environment, health, and nursing. Do you agree within this global representation of nursing? Why or why not? Would you add any other components or sub-components?   I would not add any other components to the definition of metaparadigm. The four concepts of; person, environment, health and nursing are comprehensive and all-inclusive. Nursing practice revolves around the person (patient) and everything is attached to responding to the patient’s needs. The environment is second most important factor. A nurse trained

Business Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business Law - Assignment Example The offeror cannot just cancel an offer once it is made. When an offer is made, the offeree (the one the offer is made to) can decide whether to take it or not within a reasonable timeframe. Since an offer puts some kinds of obligations on the offeror, there is the need to define what constitutes an offer. In this definition, there are some exceptions to the rule. When a person makes an indication that another person can enter negotiations for a contract, this is not an offer, it is an invitation to treat. A typical example of an invitation to treat is the case of the display of goods in a shop window. In Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain V Boots Cash Chemists (1953) it was held that goods displayed in a shop does not constitute an offer but an invitation to treat. Additionally, the declaration of an intent is not an offer. In Harris V Nickerson (1873), an auctioneer advertised the sale of goods in an auction. However, he refused to hold the auction on the said date. A prospect ive attendant sued for a breach. It was held that the advert was simply a declaration of intent but not an offer. Application In this, the advertisement by Gift House that they have reduced their A1 cameras was not an offer. It can be considered an invitation to treat. ... They are mere invitation to treat and declaration of intent respectively. Due to this, Martin does not have the right to purchase the camera at ?50. Davina Issue Davina gets informed that the A1 Camera (which sells for ?100) goes for ?50 in the shop. The shop also states that if anyone purchases goods worth ?500 by 1st December, there will be a free television. Davina mails an order for the camera and the goods totaling ?500 and indicates she wants the free television on 30th November. Davina receives the goods but finds out that she was charged ?100 for the camera and she did not get the television which was promised. The issue is whether the postal order created a legal contract that gives her rights to the camera at ?100 as well as the television set. Rule In Carlill V Carbolic Smoke Ball (1893), the defendants advertised to pay ?100 to anyone who caught flu after using smoke their smokeballs. Mrs Carlill used the smoke balls but caught flu. She argued that she was entitled to the ?100 promised. It was held that the offer was one that a reasonable person could take seriously. Secondly, the postal rule is established in the case of Adams V Lindsell (1818). It states that acceptance of an offer takes effect once the acceptance letter is posted. Application In this case, Davina saw a catalogue that advertised two things: the sale of a camera at ?50 and an offer of a free TV when a customer shops to the tune of ?500. This is something that the average person could take seriously and follow up. Davina followed up by making an order through post on the 30th of November. This order was a valid claim for the A1 Camera at ?50 and the TV prize since she shopped to the tune of ?500. According to the postal rule, this postage

Information Overload and Intelligence Operations Essay

Information Overload and Intelligence Operations - Essay Example I agree that one of the key areas of definition is the development of the issues that are directly related to intelligence operations. I believe that intelligence collection and analysis operate hand in hand, arguing that too much collection and little analysis would only lead to ineffective intelligence operations, and the opposite has the same result. It is true that the issue of mass data collection and the appropriate measures that can be taken to analyze mass data. The post focuses on the noise created by the mass data collected, when you comment, "†¦ there is difficulty presented within intelligence analysis in the context of mass data collection and the amount of â€Å"noise† created by an overwhelming amount of information." Intelligence analysis is more time and resource consuming as compared to data collection as recurrently referenced by the student. However, you ignore assessing the technological innovations created to make an analysis easier, which are less t ime-consuming. Regardless, I agree with the student who argues that the analysis is as equally critical to intelligence operations as collection of appropriate data is. I agree that data analysts are responsible for incorrect information or the incomprehensive information because thorough analysis is rather tasking for analysts. It is good when you introduce the concept of information overload, which is a rather clever approach to address the topic. Information overload has been noted to cause most analysts make poor judgments or ignore a series of vital components of information. You did a great job by going to the extent of showing the worst effects of information overload. According to the post, information overload that overwhelms the analysts poses a critical security threat to the country. â€Å"Our nation becomes less secure because analysts are more indecisive, stressed, and pose â€Å"less effective analysis of decisions." All in all, I agree that the analysis is a mental process and that exhaustion is highly likely to affect the productivity of analysts. I think that this is an exceptional piece.

The History Place Adolf Eichmann | Summary

The History Place Adolf Eichmann | Summary Adolf Eichmann In the following paper, the thesis on â€Å"The History Place Adolf Eichmann† is â€Å"Eichmann, the man who changed his mind in the treatment of Jews.† It examines the different stages of his participation in the holocaust. Adolf Eichmann was influential in the development of social, political, and economic history during Hitlers rule. The paper will end with a conclusion and some personal observations. Eichmann started out in the bottom-most ranks of the Nazi party as a clerk for the section assigned to investigate prominent Jews. His interest in Jewish culture escalated as he began to study their language, and attend Jewish sections of towns. He became known as the â€Å"Jewish specialist,† (p.2) which gave him the ability to rise in the ranks of the Nazi party. Eichmann, in the beginning, had no intentions to commit genocide of the Jews. Instead, he initially attempted to relocate the Jewish population. Upon being assigned to explore potential â€Å"solutions to the Jewish question,† in 1937, he visited Palestine. His goal was to convince the Arab leaders to allow him an exodus of Jews to the Middle East. However, he was unsuccessful and sent out of the country (p.2). Although it would be horrible to relocate a certain ethnic group, it exemplifies that he did not yet intend for murder to occur. In 1938, during the Nazi occupation of Austria, upon realizing financial gain was possible, he created a â€Å"Central Office for Jewish Emigration,† in Vienna (p.2). This had the purpose of extorting the Jewish peoples wealth for a safe way out of the country. The concept was very successful as tremendous wealth was gained and he established similar offices in Prague and Berlin. He had not yet considered murdering the Jewish people. Instead, he offered a secure way to save their lives in return for their wealth. Eichmann, despite stealing money from Jews, had no obvious intentions of committing genocide. In another attempt to relocate the Jews, in July 1940 Eichmann suggested the â€Å"Madagascar Plan,† (p.2) which involved deporting the Jewish population to Madagascar. However, it was never carried out. The Madagascar plan was his last attempt at Jewish relocation before resorting to the â€Å"Final Solution.† Eichmann did not want to treat Jews in harmful ways. In a way, he was trying protecting them from the Nazi regime. He still thought they had a right to live. However, Eichmann soon began his ascension into murdering the Jews.   In Poland, Eichmann forced the Jews into labor camps where thousands of Jews were kept in very small areas; such as the Warsaw ghetto in Poland. This resulted in overpopulation and ensuing deaths through disease and starvation (p.2). At this point Eichmanns mindset had changed as he no longer cared about relocating the Jews, instead fixated on liquidating them. More atrocities to the Jews were committed in the Soviet Union. Daily records were taken to see how many Jews had been slaughtered. Eventually, competitions arose to find out which of the four groups Eichmann controlled had the highest death rates (p.2). Eichmann became more ruthless, making genocide into a contest. He was unremorseful for his actions, turning it into a game. As the killings proceeded, he began finding more structured and advanced methods for carrying out the executions. This consisted of using mobile gas-vans (p.3). The process in which they killed had become industrialized, like a factory. Eichmann no longer thought that any Jew should belong to the world. He no longer killed them individually, rather in groups for efficiency. In January 1942, his goal had become final. At the Wannasee Conference, Eichmann, along with 15 Nazi bureaucrats, they arranged the elimination of the 11 million Jews living in Europe and the Soviet Union3 (p.3). Following the Wannasee Conference, Eichmann became the supreme authority in managing the gathering of Jews into labor camps and newly constructed gas chambers. With great enthusiasm and fanatical efficiency, Eichmann coordinated the genocide of millions of Jews (p.2-4). Eichmann considered it a project to kill millions of Jews, and was excited about it. Eichmann killed for his own amusement, thinking about how he can do it faster, and improve his killing methods. In March, 1944, Eichmann set his eye on Hungary, which, with 725,000, contained the sole remaining big population of Jews. The deportations of Jews began from Hungary to Auschwitz, a labor camp, approximately two months later. Nearly 400,000 Hungarian Jews had been killed by the end of June. Eichmann continued to expand the areas in which he killed as he became more and more determined to exterminate the Jewish populace. Not a single trace of mind in Eichmann thought about saving the Jews in any way. However, by the end of 1944, Eichmann was ordered to terminate the deportations seeing as Germanys empire was now surrounded and almost sure to be defeated. Eichmann paid no attention to the commands as he was determined to extinguish all Jews. Instead, he ordered 50,000 Hungarian Jews to begin an eight day death march to Austria. Eichmanns personal goal in life to was kill Jews. No command or person could stop his unwavering will to kill all Jews. He could not fathom the concept of saving any Jewish lives. I will now discuss Adolf Eichmanns influence in the development of social, political, and economic history during Hitlers rule. Due to Eichmanns looks and dark complexion, his schoolmates teased him by nicknaming him â€Å"the little Jew,† (p.1). He was therefore associated with Jews from an early age. This may have sparked his interest in the Jewish culture and caused him to sympathize with them which is why he, at first, was uninterested in killing them. Hitler ordered the â€Å"physical extermination of the Jews.† Eichmann rose in the ranks to be in charge of this order because he had qualifications such as his knowledge on Jews. During his trial, he insisted he was merely â€Å"following orders,† saying that he was transmitting information from his superiors. He was basically obeying the law by following orders; and in case he didnt, he would be shot (p.4). When Eichmann realized the potential fortune he could extort from the Jews by giving them a safe way out of their country, he established offices of that purpose in Vienna, Prague, and Berlin. In July, 1941, Heydrich, a close partner of Eichmanns, was told to organize â€Å"a general plan of the administrative and ‘financial measures necessary for carrying out the desired Final Solution of the Jewish question,† (p.3). Throughout their mass murdering they would have to think about ‘financial measures. Therefore, at the death camps, all possessions were taken from the Jews and channeled into secret Reichsbank accounts. Eichmann had massive financial gains from his actions, and his greed may have been the cause for his determination to continue. To conclude, Eichmann essentially was â€Å"the man who changed his mind in the treatment of Jews.† At first, his final intentions to commit genocide on the Jews seemed impossible as he aimed to relocate the Jews. However, before long he had changed his mind and began his plans to eliminate the Jewish population. He disregarded his sense of morality more and more as he built up his power and, even when told to cease the massacre, he continued. Socially, Eichmann was teased, being nicknamed â€Å"the little Jew.† Politically, he followed orders and rose in the ranks of the Nazi party. Economically, a tremendous amount of money was gained. I would be lying if I said the biography didnt interest me. The paper gave a good insight into the life of Adolf Eichmann and how the Jews were treated during World War Two. Being Jewish myself, I had never realized how big an impact Eichmann had on the holocaust until I read the paper. I was horrified by the amount of control one person could have on an entire ethnic group. It can definitely be recommended as it clearly shows a persons transition from being normal to one of the person responsible for the murder of six million Jews. However, the biography contains little detail, being only three pages long; and it does not describe his psychological change sufficiently. However, it provides a good introduction to Eichmanns life. From the paper, I learned how Eichmanns mindset changed over time. He went from trying to relocate the Jews; to killing individual Jews; to trapping and killing a section of Jews; to mass-murder of the European Jewish population. In the end, he became addicted to murdering Jews, and could not be stopped. In addition, I learned how ruthlessly the Jews were treated during World War II. By Eichmann, they became viewed as insignificant â€Å"toys,† for his enjoyment. The methods of killing them were brutal. It was like a factory process, with gas chambers killing thousands at a time. Many Jews would die of starvation or disease in concentration camps. In Russia, all Jews from a selected village would assemble; where after they would be shot kneeling, subsequent to giving up their clothes and valuables.

medea :: essays research papers

The tragic play Medea is a struggle between reason and violence. Medea is deliberately portrayed as not a ‘normal woman’, but excessive in her passions. Medea is a torment to herself and to others; that is why Euripides shows her blazing her way through life leaving wreckage behind her. Euripides has presented Medea as a figure previously thought of exclusively as a male- hero. Her balance of character is a combination of the outstanding qualities of Achilles and Odysseus. The problem set at the beginning of the play is that Jason has decided to marry another wife, Glauce. Medea is angered and will not let Jason off without punishment. The loss of Jason is not only a matter of passion; Medea has been completely humiliated by Jason's decision to take a new bride. Her pride shows again when she refuses Jason's aid. Though her situation is difficult, she would rather destroy all than accept help from one who has wronged her so horribly. Living as a barbarian among Greeks has made her more defensive, more full of hurt pride. To punish Jason, Medea had her children deliver poisoned gifts to the new bride, to kill her children, Glauce, and Creon. . Medea is not without feeling, nor is she a sociopath. She comprehends the difference between right and wrong, but chooses to follow the dictates of rage. Medeas character can be portrayed as a combination of the outstanding qualities of Achilles and Odysseus. Medea was a sorceress and held political power, Achilles was the Greek armies’ best warrior and was well respected, and Odysseus was the king of Ithaca and had much respect. However each of these characters possessed weaknesses which eventually lead to their downfalls. Like Achilles and Odysseus, the gods for her betrayal punished Medea. Achilles and Medea were both tough and seemingly invulnerable characters yet both were wounded deeply by the actions of others. Achilles suffered a fatal shot to the back of his heel with an arrow that had been laced with the blood of the hydra while Medea’s heart was broken when Jason left her for another woman. Like Odysseus, Medea was separated from her family and loved ones because of actions she took against both her family and gods. medea :: essays research papers The tragic play Medea is a struggle between reason and violence. Medea is deliberately portrayed as not a ‘normal woman’, but excessive in her passions. Medea is a torment to herself and to others; that is why Euripides shows her blazing her way through life leaving wreckage behind her. Euripides has presented Medea as a figure previously thought of exclusively as a male- hero. Her balance of character is a combination of the outstanding qualities of Achilles and Odysseus. The problem set at the beginning of the play is that Jason has decided to marry another wife, Glauce. Medea is angered and will not let Jason off without punishment. The loss of Jason is not only a matter of passion; Medea has been completely humiliated by Jason's decision to take a new bride. Her pride shows again when she refuses Jason's aid. Though her situation is difficult, she would rather destroy all than accept help from one who has wronged her so horribly. Living as a barbarian among Greeks has made her more defensive, more full of hurt pride. To punish Jason, Medea had her children deliver poisoned gifts to the new bride, to kill her children, Glauce, and Creon. . Medea is not without feeling, nor is she a sociopath. She comprehends the difference between right and wrong, but chooses to follow the dictates of rage. Medeas character can be portrayed as a combination of the outstanding qualities of Achilles and Odysseus. Medea was a sorceress and held political power, Achilles was the Greek armies’ best warrior and was well respected, and Odysseus was the king of Ithaca and had much respect. However each of these characters possessed weaknesses which eventually lead to their downfalls. Like Achilles and Odysseus, the gods for her betrayal punished Medea. Achilles and Medea were both tough and seemingly invulnerable characters yet both were wounded deeply by the actions of others. Achilles suffered a fatal shot to the back of his heel with an arrow that had been laced with the blood of the hydra while Medea’s heart was broken when Jason left her for another woman. Like Odysseus, Medea was separated from her family and loved ones because of actions she took against both her family and gods.

Mental Health Counseling: Integrating Consultation

Abstract With the meshing of consultation and advocacy, mental health counselors can both assist in dealing with the issues that their clients face personally, but also help to make better the world around them. In order to respond to the thesis questions presented in this paper, we must first define consultation and social justice advocacy within the counseling context. Typically, consultation means a general meeting or conference between parties.In the counseling context however, we can say that it â€Å"usually involves three parties: a consultant, a consultee, and a client system. The consultant delivers direct service to the consultee, who delivers direct service to a client system† (Doherty, 1990). Consultation for professional counselors typically involves acting on behalf of an identified client (or student) through interaction with another professional consultee or other stakeholder in the client’s welfare (Brown, Pryzwansky, & Schulte, 2010; Kampwirth, 2006; K urpius & Fuqua, 1993).The consultee may also be conceptualized as a system or organization that serves an identified client or student population (Brown et al. , 2010; Moe & Perera-Diltz, 2009). With these definitions, a counseling consultant relationship could be thought of as a chain of assistance in dealing with client issues. Advocacy, typically in regards to social justice, is a way in which a change is brought into society. In a historical context, the mental health reforms that Clifford Beers brought about in the late 1800s were an impactful form of social advocacy.Beers launched one of the earliest client-advocate health reform movements in the United States. A former patient who was institutionalized for three years, Beers led national and international efforts to improve institutional care, challenge the stigma of mental illness, and promote mental health. His efforts resulted in a major shift in attitudes toward mental illness, as well as the introduction of guidance coun selors in US schools and the inclusion of evidence of a defendant's psychological state in law courts (Parry, 2010).Consultation and social justice advocacy may not be exactly similar, but they can be used as cohesive tools that counselors use in order to help their clients. Though scholars continue to identify concerns regarding how the specific nature and scope of social justice advocacy for counselors will be defined (Nelson-Jones, 2002; Roysircar, 2009; Weinrach & Thomas, 2004), in 2003 the American Counseling Association (ACA) endorsed the creation and publication of the Advocacy Competencies (Lewis et al. , 2003) for professional counselors.Along with the publication of this special issue, scholarship has focused on making the case for social justice (Prilletensky & Prilletensky, 2003; Vera & Speight, 2003), and on synthesizing the social justice counseling paradigm with other key counseling perspectives such as multicultural theory (Constantine et al. , 2007; Crethar et al. , 2008) and school counseling (Bemak & Chung, 2008; Dahir & Stone, 2009). The idea of meshing consultation with social advocacy is prudent because we as counselors should work not only to better the lives of our clients but of the world around them.There seems to be an obvious association with mental health and the groups to which social justice advocacy is most needed. Negative experiences of historically marginalized groups can lead to psychological dysfunction and an overall decline in mental health (Chang, Hays, & Milliken, 2009). The American Counseling Association’s Code of Ethics states that counselors should â€Å"recognize historical and social prejudices in the misdiagnosis and pathologizing of certain individuals and groups and the role of mental health professionals in perpetuating these prejudices through diagnosis and treatment. The need for counselors to integrate social justice advocacy with consultation stems from the fact that much of the clientele that is s eeking out mental health services have suffered in some form or another from social injustice(s). It is imperative in cases like this that a balance is made between providing both consultation and advocacy to our clients. In working with populations that have experienced social injustices such as poverty, racial intimidations, abuse, etc. t is the responsibility of the counselor to be the voice for those who cannot speak up for themselves. Practices such as collaborating with multiple stakeholder groups and identifying institutional polices that may promote marginalization of vulnerable community members are used by both consultants (Brown, 1993; Kampwirth, 2006) and advocates (Vera & Speight, 2003). While it is important to understand the social injustices that many clients face, it is also critical to know exactly why these injustices occur.It is also important that counselors attempt to change the structures that are responsible for the oppression of mental health clients. This s ocial justice movement is sometimes referred to as professional counseling’s fifth force (Ratts, D’Andrea, & Arredondo, 2004)—in other words advocacy counseling. Counseling is indeed an effective and powerful tool in helping the less fortunate with their problems. However, counseling by itself is cannot be used to advance clients’ wellbeing. There must be an interlocking of counseling, consultation and social advocacy.That is, the oppressed clientele would greatly benefit from outside consultants that have the capability of promoting change within the corrosive environments in which they live. Authors Ratts and Hutchins (2009) have also highlighted how counselors-as advocates often adopt the role of consultant to promote empowerment of clients and students (Moe, Perera-Diltz, Sepulveda, 2010). Advocacy can play an important role in many aspects of alleviating the plight of the oppressed population of mental health clients.For example, advocacy can assist in supporting equitable access to needed medical services. It can also help to reduce the discrimination experienced by consumers within the health care system by facilitating communication with health care providers and by addressing any prejudicial beliefs health care providers may hold. Finally, advocates can assist consumers in addressing any discrimination that they may experience within the health care system (Stylianos & Kehyayan, 2012).If not for the advocacy of interest groups, doctors, nurses, patients, politicians, etc. the recent healthcare system changes may never have been signed into law which would have left millions still without access to affordable healthcare coverage or being denied access for discriminatory reasons. If a client does not have health insurance or the means to pay for services, a consultant could be utilized as a third party source in order to help the client have access to mental health services.Consultants in this situation could range from a soc ial worker, a career counselor or welfare office. The importance of children’s mental health in early development has long been documented, and many advocates have made impassioned pleas for additional resources for both children and their parents during the early years. A hypothetical program in which a mental health counselor could serve both as a consultant and an advocate would be to have counselors readily available to under privileged pre-school children in an outside child-care setting.The counselors could serve as a means of providing intervention of serious future problems that these children may have as they mature. These counselors can also help teachers and parents deal with issues of challenging behavior or even learning disabilities. The function of a mental health counselor that is serving as a consultant in this type of surrounding would be very different than they typical one-to-one therapy that usually occurs between counselor and client.The role of a consul tant in this sort of program would be to work as a team with a child-care center staff to recognize and deal with difficult behaviors and/or learning behaviors successfully. They would also serve as coach or mentor to families dealing with challenging issues at home and could help them access quality behavioral health services outside of the pre-school setting. In regards to social advocacy in this hypothetical program, emphasis can be made on the lack of healthcare afforded to children. According to a report from the U.S. Surgeon General, current estimates of children that are not being provided health care services are vast: â€Å"one in five children is estimated to have a mental health problem that impairs functioning, while less than half of all children and one third of adults with a diagnosable mental disorder receive any kind of services†. Inadequate finances from families of mentally ill children can be a main reason that children go without quality mental health ser vices. Another cause can be attributed to the stigma surrounding mental illness.This can ring exceptionally true among low-income families and minorities. To erase this type of stigma, it may be helpful for a mental health consultant in this type of program to ease into the role of therapist as one-to-one counseling may be too overwhelming for those who come into the process with a set of preconceived beliefs. They could offer classes on how to deal with a child’s difficult behavior or problem specific support groups such as a group for single parents learning to deal with their child’s emotions.The job of a mental health counselor is rewarding in that it offers scores of opportunities to impact the lives of others, not just through one-to-one counseling but also through being the voice of the less fortunate through consultation and advocacy. A dedicated counselor should not only provide a sympathetic ear for a client to speak to, but should also take advantage of thei r power to promote real change for those who really need it.By incorporating both consultation and advocacy into a counselor’s course of action into the treatment plans of their clients, both counselor and client will build an even stronger rapport than thought possible. References Bemak, F. , & Chi-Yi Chung, R. (2008). New professional roles and advocacy strategies for school counselors: A multicultural/social justice perspective to move beyond the nice counselor syndrome. Journal of Counseling & Development, 86, 372-381. Brown, D. , Pryzwansky, W. , & Schulte, A. (2010).Psychological consultation and collaboration: Introduction to theory and practice (7th ed. ). Boston, MA: Pearson. Chang, C. Y. , Hays, D. G. , & Milliken, T. F. (2009). Addressing social justice issues in supervision: A call for client and professional advocacy. The Clinical Supervisor, 28, 20-35. doi: 10. 1080/07325220902855144 Constantine, M. , Hage, S. , Kindaichi, M. , & Bryant, R. (2007). Social justic e and multicultural issues: Implications for the practice and training of counselors and counseling psychologists.Journal of Counseling & Development, 85, 24-29. Crethar, H. , Torres Rivera, E. , & Nash, S. (2008). In search of common threads: Linking multicultural, feminist, and social justice counseling paradigms. Journal of Counseling & Development, 86, 269-278. Dahir, C. , & Stone, C. (2009). School counselor accountability: The path to social justice and systemic change. Journal of Counseling & Development, 87, 12-20. Dougherty, A. M. (1990). Consultation: Practice and perspectives. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Kampwirth, T. J. (2006).Collaborative consultation in the schools. (3rd ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill. Kurpius, D. , & Fuqua, D. (1993). Fundamental issues in defining consultation. Journal of Counseling & Development, 71, 598-600. Lewis, J. , Arnold, M. , House, R. , & Toporek R. (2003). Advocacy Competencies. Retrieved from www. counseling. org/Counselors. Mental H ealth: A Report of the Surgeon General, U. S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, pgs. 76–77. Moe, J. , & Perera-Diltz, D. (2009). An overview of systemic-organizational consultation for professional counselors.Journal of Professional Counseling: Practice, Theory, , 27, 27-37. Nelson-Jones, R. (2002). Diverse goals for multicultural counselling and therapy. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 15, 133-144. Parry, Manon. (2010) From a Patient's Perspective: Clifford Whittingham Beers' Work to Reform Mental Health Services. American Journal of Public Health, 100(12). 2356-7. Prilleltensky, I. , & Prilleltensky, O. (2003). Synergies for wellness and liberation in counseling psychology. The Counseling Psychologist, 31, 273-281. Ratts, M. J. , D’Andrea, M. & Arredondo, P. (2004, July). Social justice counseling: Fifth force in counseling. Counseling Today, 28-30. Roysircar, G. (2009). The big picture of advocacy: Counselor, heal society and thyself. Journal of Counseling & Dev elopment, 87, 288-294. Stylianos, S. & Kehyayan, V. (2012) Advocacy: Critical Component in a Comprehensive Mental Health System. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 82(1). Vera, E. , & Speight, S. (2003). Multicultural competence, social justice, and counseling psychology: Expanding our roles. The Counseling Psychologist, 31, 253-272.